“…PDT can be understood as parents' unequal treatment of their children and its effects are complex depending on the reason, magnitude, direction and fairness (Feinberg et al, 2003;Feinberg, Neiderhiser, Howe, & Hetherington, 2001;Feinberg, Neiderhiser, Simmens, Reiss, & Hetherington, 2000;McHale & Pawletko, 1992;McHale, Crouter, McGuire, & Updegraff, 1995;McHale, Updegraff, Jackson-Newsom, Tucker, & Crouter, 2000;Quittner & Opipari, 1994;Weinstein, 1993). Since children are the active constructors of their environments, their understanding of PDT can lead to adaptive or adverse emotions and behaviours (Brody, Stoneman, & McCoy, 1992;1994;Brody & Stoneman, 2013;Dunn, 1991;Kowal & Kramer, 1997;Kowal, Kramer, Krull, & Crick, 2002;Kowal, Krull, & Kramer, 2004, 2006Richmond, Stocker, & Rienks, 2005;Stocker, Dunn, & Plomin, 1989;Tamrouti-Makkink, Dubas, Gerris, & van Aken, 2004;Wolf, Fisman, Ellison, & Freeman, 1998).…”