Confusing a Pollen Grain with a Parasite Egg: an Appraisal of “Paleoparasitological Evidence of Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis) Infection in a Female Adolescent Residing in Ancient Tehran”

Camacho, Morgana; Reinhard, Karl J.

doi:10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.621

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These eggs also have been found in ancient coprolites unearthed in Peru, Chile, and Argentina (Reinhard et al 2016). Old-World specimens of this species, by contrast, have been very scarce (Bouchet et al 2003;Iñiguez et al 2003;Camacho and Reinhard 2019). To date, only two such cases have been reported from archaeological samples: one for Roman latrines, and another for an Egyptian mummy (Herrmann 1985;Horne 2002;Seo et al 2014b).…”

Section: Ancient Parasite Species Rarely Discovered In Korean Mummiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeoparasitology of Korean Mummies

Seo¹,

Hong²,

Reinhard³

et al. 2020

The Handbook of Mummy Studies

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Archaeoparasitology is now a rapidly progressing research field, providing comprehensive context about parasitism of the past and the origins and evolution of each parasite species. As in other continents, historical parasitic infection patterns in East Asia have been successfully reconstructed by archaeoparasitological research. By interdisciplinary collaboration with archaeologists, parasitologists in South Korea also have achieved meaningful academic progress in studies on various specimens uncovered at archaeological sites. Among them, coprolites of Korean mummies of the Joseon Dynasty period (1392-1910 CE) have been the

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Section: Ancient Parasite Species Rarely Discovered In Korean Mummiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeoparasitology of Korean Mummies

Seo¹,

Hong²,

Reinhard³

et al. 2020

The Handbook of Mummy Studies

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“…In addition, the morphological assessment of parasitic eggs or cysts, in particular for Giardia , often cannot be identified or differentiated by ZCF in a general practitioner setting [ 31 ]. Similarly, biological structures such as pollen grains, plant and yeast cells, or fungal elements may be misidentified as parasitic structures by fecal centrifugal flotation techniques [ 32 ], while variations in egg size due to sample age, temperature, humidity, and even anthelmintic therapy can make accurate fecal microscopy more difficult [ 33 , 34 ]. These factors can lead to a relative lack of specificity, which may impact the overall sensitivity of fecal ZCF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of a broad qPCR panel and centrifugal flotation for detection of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples from dogs and cats in the United States

Leutenegger¹,

Lozoya²,

Tereski³

et al. 2023

Parasites Vectors

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Background For decades, zinc sulfate centrifugal fecal flotation microscopy (ZCF) has been the mainstay technique for gastrointestinal (GI) parasite screening at veterinary clinics and laboratories. Elsewhere, PCR has replaced microscopy because of generally increased sensitivity and detection capabilities; however, until recently it has been unavailable commercially. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to compare the performance of real-time PCR (qPCR) and ZCF for fecal parasite screening. Secondary aims included further characterization of markers for hookworm treatment resistance and Giardia spp. assemblages with zoonotic potential and qPCR optimization. Methods A convenience sampling of 931 canine/feline fecal samples submitted to a veterinary reference laboratory for routine ZCF from the Northeast US (11/2022) was subsequently evaluated by a broad qPCR panel following retention release. Detection frequency and agreement (kappa statistics) were evaluated between ZCF and qPCR for seven GI parasites [hookworm/(Ancylostoma spp.), roundworm/(Toxocara spp.), whipworm/(Trichuris spp.), Giardiaduodenalis, Cystoisospora spp., Toxoplasmagondii, and Tritrichomonasblagburni] and detections per sample. Total detection frequencies were compared using a paired t-test; positive sample and co-infection frequencies were compared using Pearson’s chi-squared test (p ≤ 0.05 significant) and qPCR frequency for hookworm benzimidazole (BZ) resistance (F167Y) and zoonotic Giardia spp. assemblage markers calculated. Confirmatory testing, characterization, and qPCR optimization were carried out with Sanger sequencing. Results qPCR detected a significantly higher overall parasite frequency (n = 679) compared to ZCF (n = 437) [p = < 0.0001, t = 14.38, degrees-of-freedom (df) = 930] and 2.6 × the co-infections [qPCR (n = 172) vs. ZCF (n = 66)], which was also significant (p = < 0.0001, X2 = 279.49; df = 1). While overall agreement of parasite detection was substantial [kappa = 0.74; (0.69–0.78], ZCF-undetected parasites reduced agreement for individual and co-infected samples. qPCR detected markers for Ancylostomacaninum BZ resistance (n = 5, 16.1%) and Giardia with zoonotic potential (n = 22, 9.1%) as well as two parasites undetected by ZCF (T.gondii/T.blagburni). Sanger sequencing detected novel roundworm species, and qPCR optimization provided detection beyond ZCF. Conclusions These results demonstrate the statistically significant detection frequency advantage offered by qPCR compared to routine ZCF for both single and co-infections. While overall agreement was excellent, this rapid, commercially available qPCR panel offers benefits beyond ZCF with detection of markers for Giardia assemblages with zoonotic potential and hookworm (A.caninum) BZ resistance. Graphical Abstract

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“…We read with great interest the paper by Camacho & Reinhard published in the December issue of the KJP about our paper "Paleoparasitological evidence of pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) infection in a female adolescent residing in ancient Tehran" [1,2]. Camacho & Reinhard are claiming that this Tehrani woman of 7,000-year-ago was not parasitized and we want here to clarify and answer to the outlined points in their article.…”

Section: Sirmentioning

confidence: 97%