Confusoside, a dihydrochalcone glucoside, prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury by modulating the Nrf2/NF-κB/caspase signaling pathway

Abstract

Dihydrochalcone compounds are common active ingredients in tea, and the main ingredient of the ethnic herbal tea Anneslea fragrans leaves is a compound confusoside (CF) with a dihydrochalcone structure. The...

Natural Products for Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury: A Review

“…Confusoside (CF) is a dihydrochalcone glucoside found in Anneslea fragrans Wall., a plant belonging to the Theaceae family and Anneslea genus. Widely distributed in southwestern China, this plant contains abundant biologically active molecules such as dihydrochalcone [81] in its leaves. The chemical structure of dihydrochalcone reveals its biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which have significant implications in the prevention and treatment of liver injury [150].…”

“…The chemical structure of dihydrochalcone reveals its biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which have significant implications in the prevention and treatment of liver injury [150]. CF, a dihydrochalcone glucoside, has been proven to prevent APAP-induced liver injury through three pathways [81]. Firstly, CF can interact with the Keap1-Nrf2 complex, leading to the release of Nrf2 and promoting its translocation into the cell nucleus [151].…”

“…The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 then stimulates the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, NQO1, and HO-1, thereby reducing the levels of AST, ALT, and LDH in the serum and decreasing the MDA content in the liver tissue, exerting antioxidative effects [151]. Secondly, CF can inhibit the NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NO, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects [81]. CF can also regulate the expression of pro-apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic factors, Bax, and caspase-3/9 by activating the PI3K-CASP3 apoptotic pathway [152].…”

Trilobatin Possesses Protective Potentials on H2O2-Induced HepG2 Cells by Suppressing Oxidative Stress: Involvement of Nrf2/Keap1 Signal Pathway

“…Therefore, natural antioxidants have attracted wide attention from researchers in recent years. Studies have confirmed that several natural antioxidants, such as confusoside, resveratrol, and delphinine have significant antioxidant activities and can effectively induce liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress (Zhao et al, 2023;De Moraes et al, 2021;Xu et al, 2020). However, the existing types and quantities of natural antioxidants are not enough to meet people's needs.…”