Congeneric Species Distribution and Abundance in a Three-Dimensional Habitat: The Rain Forest Anoles of Puerto Rico

Reagan, Douglas P.

doi:10.2307/1446199

Cited by 50 publications

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“…Similarly, Reagan (1991Reagan ( , 1992 found that anoles (lizards) were predominantly detected at high elevations in a Puerto Rican canopy, perched on small diameter branches. However, when a hurricane brought many small diameter branches to the ground, the anole distribution shifted toward the ground as well.…”

Section: Weakness Of Height As a Meaningful Proxy Axismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Though canopies change with time (e.g., Aber 1979;Oliver 1981;Waring and Schlesinger 1985;Oliver and Larson 1990), we limit our discussion to structure described at one time. There remains a large literature that uses "stratification" to describe the vertical zonation of animals in terrestrial vegetation (e.g., de Vries 1988;Reagan 1992) and of various organisms in aquatic and littoral environments.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Forest Canopy Stratification-Is It Useful?

Parker¹,

Brown²

2000

The American Naturalist

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It has long been recognized that the forest canopy has a complex structure that is significant for environmental interactions, regeneration, growth, and biotic habitat. Not only is the structure variously complex, but also there are many ways to conceptualize that complexity. Yet the persistent theme when considering the structure of canopies continues to be that of stratification: whether structural units are arranged in layers above the ground. We examined the use of the terms "stratification," "layering," and others in connection with canopy structure and found they had various meanings (often only implied) that were difficult to reconcile and to measure. We applied the definitions to the structure of a single, well-studied canopy located in Virginia, U.S.A., and found they failed to define consistently and clearly the presence, number, or location of strata. Additionally, we found the concept had limitations related to scale dependence, point of reference, and spatial averaging. Thus, asserting that a forest is stratified or naming the number of layers generally provided no guide to its structure. We propose alternative ways of conceptualizing and studying the forest canopy that avoid most of the problems associated with stratification. Among these are direct measurement and mapping of structural and environmental variables that have clear potential connections with canopy functions and viewing the distribution of structures or environmental conditions within the canopy as ecological gradients.

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Section: Weakness Of Height As a Meaningful Proxy Axismentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Canopy Stratification-Is It Useful?

Parker¹,

Brown²

2000

The American Naturalist

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“…We could not collect data of this sort because of the exceedingly cryptic nature of A. equestris and the lack of canopy-reaching devices in our study area. A study by Reagan (1992) using canopy towers found that anole species distribute themselves vertically with respect to the distribution of their preferred perches. A similar examination of 3-D HRs in species such as A. equestris would be an extension of our study and a future direction that also would allow for further examination of the fit of A. equestris within the territoriality continuum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most species investigated have been terrestrial; there are few studies of canopy-dwelling species. The few studies that have been published (Dalrymple 1980, Schoener and Schoener 1982, Hicks and Trivers 1983, Losos et al 1990, 1991, Reagan 1992 involved observations of natural history or species-specific spatial relationships. Therefore, it is unclear whether similar sexspecific spatial relationships prevail among arboreal lizards, because an arboreal existence may impose conditions that dictate different spatial patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tamanho e sobreposição de áreas de vida em uma população introduzida do lagarto cubano Anolis equestris (Squamata: Iguanidae)

Nicholson¹,

Richards

2011

Phyllomedusa

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Home-range size and overlap within an introduced population of the Cuban Knight Anole, Anolis equestris (Squamata: Iguanidae). Many studies have investigated the spatial relationships of terrestrial lizards, but arboreal species remain poorly studied because they are difficult to observe. The conventional view of homerange size and overlap among territorial, polygynous species of lizards is that: (1) male home ranges are larger than those of females; (2) male home ranges usually encompass, or substantially overlap, those of several females; and (3) male home-range overlap varies but often is minimal, but female home ranges frequently overlap extensively. However, the paucity of pertinent studies makes it difficult to generalize these patterns to arboreal lizards. We investigated home-range size and overlap in the arboreal Knight Anole, Anolis equestris, and compared our findings to published homerange data for 15 other species of Anolis. Using radiotelemetry and markrecapture/resight techniques, we analyzed the home ranges of individuals from an introduced population of Knight Anoles in Miami, Florida. The home ranges of both sexes substantially overlapped those of the same-and different-sex individuals. In addition, male and female home ranges did not differ significantly, an unusual observation among lizard species. If one compares both male and female home ranges to those of other Anolis species, Knight Anoles have significantly larger home ranges, except for two species for which statistical comparisons were not possible. Our results suggest that home ranges and sexspecific spatial arrangements of canopy lizards may differ from those of more terrestrial species.Keywords: Squamata, Iguanidae, Anolis, home range, spatial relationships. 66Phyllomedusa -10(1), July 2011Resumo Tamanho e sobreposição de áreas de vida em uma população introduzida do lagarto cubano Anolis equestris (Squamata: Iguanidae). Muitos estudos investigaram as relações espaciais entre lagartos terrestres, mas as espécies arborícolas permanecem pouco estudadas devido a dificuldades de observação. A visão convencional do tamanho e da sobreposição de áreas de vida entre espécies poligínicas territoriais de lagartos afirma que: (1) as áreas de vida dos machos são maiores que as das fêmeas; (2) geralmente abrangem, ou se sobrepõem substancialmente, as áreas de várias fêmeas; e (3) a sobreposição entre as áreas dos machos varia, mas frequentemente é minima, enquanto as áreas das fêmeas geralmente se sobrepõem extensamente. Contudo, a escassez de estudos pertinentes dificulta uma generalização desses padrões para lagartos arborícolas. Usando técnicas de radiotelemetria e de marcação e recaptura, estudamos o tamanho e a sobreposição das áreas de vida dos indivíduos de uma população do lagarto cubano Anolis equestris introduzida em Miami, Flórida, e comparamos nossos resultados com os dados disponíveis na literatura para outras 15 espécies de Anolis. Em ambos os sexos, as áreas de vida se sobrepõem substancialmente com as áreas tanto de indiv...

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“…To contrast, population estimates of other Puerto Rican anoles include (in descending order of population density): between 21,333 and >25,870 individuals/ha in the Saddle Anole, A. stratulus Cope 1861 (Reagan 1992); between 20,000 and 25,000 individuals/ha in the Grass Anole, A. pulchellus Duméril and Bibron 1837 (Gorman and Harwood 1977); between 2,308 individuals/ha in the Emerald Anole, A. evermanni Stejneger 1904, in a rain forest (Dial et al, 1994), and >94 individuals/ha in a karst forest (Ríos-López and Aide 2007); up to 2,000 individuals/ha in the Yellow-Shinned Anole, A. gundlachi Peters 1876 (Turner and Gist 1970); between 1,256 individuals/ha in the Crested Anole, A. cristatellus Duméril and Bibron 1837, in a karst forest (Ríos-López and Aide 2007), and ~262 individuals/ha in a dry forest (Genet 2002); between 178 individuals/ha in the Mountain Garden Anole, A. krugi Peters 1876, in a lowland reforested karst valley (Ríos-López and Aide 2007), and 100 individuals/ha in an upland coffee plantations (Borkhataria et al 2012); and up to ~198 individuals/ha in the Dry Forest Anole, A. cooki Grant 1931 (Genet 2002 is no estimate of population size and density for the species elsewhere on the island except that estimated by Puente-Rolón (unpublished data and personal communication), nor data on home range, demography and reproductive phenology, longevity, physiology, mating behavior, feeding ecology, parasites and pathogens, intra-and inter-specific interactions, nor molecular data on the species' genetic structure and gene flow within and among populations. While some of these data are lacking for most anoline species from Puerto Rico, the whole suit of data is lacking for A. occultus, except that now we know it has the lowest estimated population size among all Puerto Rican anoles for which this data exist.…”

Section: Nectar-feeding On the Camasey Almendro Mecranium Latifoliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Comparison of Free-Ranging and Cave-Associated Puerto Rican Boas, Chilabothrus inornatus (Reinhardt, 1843) (Reptilia: Boidae), Using Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes

Puente‐Rolón¹

2016

LEB

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Abstract:We document the first record of nectarivory and bird predation in the Puerto Rican Dwarf Anole, Anolis occultus, which expands our knowledge on the natural history in the most diverse genus of Neotropical lizards. In addition, we conducted a literature review on all recorded information about this species, which revealed that little is known about the natural history and the ecology of A. occultus since its description in 1965. A discrepancy exists between the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) and the Puerto Rico's Department of Natural and Environmental Resources' (DNER) listings of A. occultus: 'Least Concern' in the former, 'Data Deficient' in the latter. This discrepancy in international and state listing categories, along with the lack of ecological and historical information on the species, warrants a change of the species' status to 'Data Deficient' by the IUCN, and we recommend areas of ecological research with conservation implications for the species.

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Congeneric Species Distribution and Abundance in a Three-Dimensional Habitat: The Rain Forest Anoles of Puerto Rico

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Forest Canopy Stratification-Is It Useful?

Forest Canopy Stratification-Is It Useful?

Tamanho e sobreposição de áreas de vida em uma população introduzida do lagarto cubano Anolis equestris (Squamata: Iguanidae)

Diet Comparison of Free-Ranging and Cave-Associated Puerto Rican Boas, Chilabothrus inornatus (Reinhardt, 1843) (Reptilia: Boidae), Using Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes

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