Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)

Abstract

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) are found in 3-6 out of 1.000 of the newborns, or according to some statistics they are represented in 0.5% of all pregnancies. Congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract present a family of diseases of various anatomic spectrum, including renal anomalies, and anomalies of the bladder and urethra. The study was retrospective-prospective which means that it included newly diagnosed patients suffering from CAKUT, as well as those patients with already diagnosed and well defined CAKUT on the basis of imaging studies which have been processed according to the protocol for this study.

Prevalence, types, and malformations in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in newborns: a retrospective hospital-based study

“…It has been reported that 6–50% of CAKUTs are associated with malformations [1–3, 11, 25, 26]. The proportion of non-isolated anomalies in our study was relatively low, which could be owing to a relatively low prevalence of CAKUTs.…”

“…The underlying cause of CAKUTs and related risk factors should be fully considered to reflect the true increase in prevalence. To our knowledge, CAKUTs are caused by genetic modifications in the kidney that are related to development, and as a result of exposure to drugs or fetal environmental factors, as indicated in mouse models and models of developmental diseases in humans [14, 24, 25]. Maternal obesity, fertility treatments, multiparity, infectious diseases, and diabetes during pregnancy could increase the occurrence of CAKUTs [1, 4, 26, 27].…”

Functional MR urography in children – update 2023

“…Kongenitale Anomalien von Niere und Harntrakt (Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract, CAKUT) zählen mit einer Prävalenz von ca. 3-6/1000 Lebendgeburten zu den häufigsten angeborenen Erkrankungen [1]. Einige dieser Fehlbildungen könneninsbesondere bei ausbleibender operativer Korrekturbereits im Kindesalter zu irreparablen Parenchymschäden und einer terminalen Niereninsuffizienz führen und müssen daher umfassend anatomisch-morphologisch abgeklärt und hinsichtlich der Nierenfunktion evaluiert werden.…”

“…Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are one of the most common congenital diseases with a prevalence of approx. 3-6/1000 live births [1]. Some of these malformations can result in irreparable damage to the parenchyma and terminal renal insufficiency even in children, particularly if surgical correction is not performed.…”