Congenital cerebral and ocular malformations induced in rhesus monkeys by Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus

London, William T.; Levitt, Neil H.; Kent, Stephen G.; Wong, Vernon G.; Sever, John L.

doi:10.1002/tera.1420160307

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although TC-83 virus is an effective vaccine, concerns remain about its possible reversion to virulence (Berge et al, 1961) and entry of the revertant into a mosquito-vertebrate host cycle (McKinney, 1972). The reactogenicity of the TC-83 vaccine virus in humans (Alevizatos et al, 1967 ;McKinney et al, 1963) and the possible teratogenic potential of VEE virus (London et al, 1977) are also of concern. A formaldehydeinactivated preparation of TC-83 virus (C-84) has proven inferior to live, attenuated TC-83 virus 0000-8559 in protecting hamsters from peripheral or aerosol challange with virulent TRD virus (Jahrling & Stephenson, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Vaccinia/Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) Virus Expresses VEE Structural Proteins

Kinney

Esposito

Johnson

et al. 1988

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYcDNA molecules encoding the structural proteins of the virulent Trinidad donkey and the TC-83 vaccine strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus were inserted under control of the vaccinia virus 7.5K promoter into the thymidine kinase gene of vaccinia virus. Synthesis of the capsid protein and glycoproteins E2 and E1 of VEE virus was demonstrated by immunoblotting of lysates of CV-1 cells infected with recombinant vaccinia/VEE viruses. VEE glycoproteins were detected in recombinant virus-infected cells by fluorescent antibody (FA) analysis performed with a panel of VEE-specific monoclonal antibodies. Seven E2-specific epitopes and two of four Elspecific epitopes were demonstrated by FA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Vaccinia/Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) Virus Expresses VEE Structural Proteins

Kinney

Esposito

Johnson

et al. 1988

Journal of General Virology

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“…In animals, porencephaly caused by Akabane virus in cattle 7 and sheep 8–10 , Bluetongue virus in sheep 6,11,12 , Pestivirus in cattle 13 and sheep 14,15 , Cache Valley virus in sheep 16 and Col4a1 mutation in mice 17 has been reported. There have been only a few reports of porencephaly in monkeys: a drug-induced case 18 , spontaneous case 19 and case of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus 20 . A histopathological description was only found in the spontaneous case 19 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Porencephaly in a Cynomolgus Monkey (<i>Macaca Fascicularis</i>)

et al. 2012

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Porencephaly was observed in a female cynomolgus monkey ( Macaca fascicularis ) aged 5 years and 7 months. The cerebral hemisphere exhibited diffuse brownish excavation with partial defects of the full thickness of the hemispheric wall, and it constituted open channels between the lateral ventricular system and arachnoid space. In addition, the bilateral occipital lobe was slightly atrophied. Histopathologically, fibrous gliosis was spread out around the excavation area and its periphery. In the roof tissue over the cavity, small round cells were arranged in the laminae. They seemed to be neural or glial precursor cells because they were positive for Musashi 1 and negative for NeuN and GFAP. In the area of fibrous gliosis, hemosiderin or lipofuscin were deposited in the macrophages, and activated astroglias were observed extensively around the excavation area.

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“…However, up to 25% of individuals vaccinated develop clinical illness with a low grade viremia [London et al, 19771. In addition, this vaccine may have abortogenic and teratogenic potential and is relatively ineffective in boosting marginal antibody responses IMcKinney, 1972;London et al, 1977 I.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Venezuelan equine encephalitis‐specific immunoglobulin responses: Live attenuated TC‐83 versus inactivated C‐84 vaccine

Engler

Mangiafico

Jahrling

et al. 1992

Journal of Medical Virology

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Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)-specific immunoglobulin responses to the two vaccines, TC-83 (a live attenuated vaccine) and C-84 (a formalin inactivated vaccine derived from the TC-83 strain of virus) were evaluated using an antigen and isotype-specific enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). The VEE-specific ELISA for IgG, IgG subclasses, IgA and IgM were developed and standardized using sera from vaccine-exposed and unexposed human subjects. Paired human sera (before and 28 days after immunization) were tested from laboratory workers vaccinated with either TC-83 (Group A: 20 paired sera from subjects receiving a single TC-83 vaccine and with no prior history of vaccination) or C-84 in varying schedules (Group B: 19 paired sera from subjects who had a distant vaccination history to TC-83 but no evidence of neutralizing antibody; Group C: 19 paired sera from subjects receiving their first C-84 vaccination and no prior documented history of vaccination; Group D: 15 paired sera from subjects receiving a C-84 booster vaccination with prior history of C-84 but no TC-83 exposure). Sera were all tested for viral neutralization in vitro using a Vero cell monolayer for culturing virus and establishing 80% plaque reduction for each serum tested. All pre-sera tested demonstrated no plaque reduction neutralization at a level of 80% for a dilution of 1:10. ELISA antibody titers for all pre-sera with no prior VEE exposure through vaccination or possible environmental factors were negative at a titer of 1:160 for IgM, 1:80 for IgG, IgA, and G subclasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Congenital cerebral and ocular malformations induced in rhesus monkeys by Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Recombinant Vaccinia/Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) Virus Expresses VEE Structural Proteins

Recombinant Vaccinia/Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) Virus Expresses VEE Structural Proteins

Porencephaly in a Cynomolgus Monkey (<i>Macaca Fascicularis</i>)

Venezuelan equine encephalitis‐specific immunoglobulin responses: Live attenuated TC‐83 versus inactivated C‐84 vaccine

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