Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Review of the Epidemiology and Outcome

Gaytant, Michael A.; Steegers, Eric A.P.; Semmekrot, B.A.; Merkus, Hans M M W; Galama, J.M.D.

doi:10.1097/00006254-200204000-00024

Cited by 227 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…1 Maternal primary infection seems to represent a higher risk for transmission and seriousness of fetal infection, but congenital infection and fetal disability can also occur following nonprimary maternal infection (reactivation or reinfection). [3][4][5][6][7][8] Despite numerous publications in the past years, large descriptive and epidemiological cohorts are still needed to improve knowledge and management of CMV infection during pregnancy. The objectives of our study were to estimate the vertical transmission rate and fetal outcome following primary maternal CMV infection around conception and during pregnancy, in order to improve screening and management strategies for maternal and congenital CMV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A series of 238 cytomegalovirus primary infections during pregnancy: description and outcome

et al. 2013

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Objective To analyze the outcome of maternal primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.Methods Retrospective analysis of a cohort of 238 patients with maternal primary CMV infection detected at routine screening. The cases were managed with serial ultrasound (US) scans, and amniocentesis was performed in 36.1% of cases. All prenatal results were confirmed at birth. ResultsThe average age was 31.9 (18-44) years. Patients were symptomatic in 21% of cases. The rate of intrauterine transmission was 24.9%, and it was 8.8%, 19%, 30.6%, 34.1% and 40% in the preconceptional period, the periconceptional period, and the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively (p = 0.025). There was a significantly higher risk of US abnormalities when maternal infection occurred during the preconceptional or periconceptional period and the first trimester compared with later (p < 0.001). Because of US abnormalities, pregnancy was terminated in 18 cases at the parents' request. Three infected newborns were symptomatic; all three cases were suspected at US before birth. We did not observe any symptomatic fetal infection when maternal infection occurred after 14 weeks of gestation. A number of clinically asymptomatic cases (5.5%) developed hearing loss. ConclusionThe rate of materno fetal transmission is linearly correlated to the gestational age at infection. No severe case of congenital infection was observed if maternal infection occurred after 14 weeks of gestation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A series of 238 cytomegalovirus primary infections during pregnancy: description and outcome

et al. 2013

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“…Both infections have a benign or asymptomatic course in the immunocompetent host, while in the immunocompromised patient the viruses can severely affect health. Another important risk group for CMV and Parvovirus infections are pregnant women, with a reported incidence that varies between 0.09 and 2% and 1 and 5% respectively [1,2]. Since few newborns are screened for CMV and Parvovirus, the true impact of congenital CMV and Parvovirus infection is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational risk of human Cytomegalovirus and Parvovirus B19 infection in female day care personnel in the Netherlands; a study based on seroprevalence

Stelma

Smismans

Goossens

et al. 2008

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Parvovirus B19 infections acquired during pregnancy may result in developmental disabilities of the foetus. This study evaluates the occupational risk of these infections in female day care personnel. IgG seroprevalence was determined in 310 Dutch day care workers and 158 nursing school students. CMV seroprevalence was age-related, starting at 21% in those <20 years and reaching 65% in those >35 years. Between the ages of 20 and 24 years the CMV prevalence was higher in day care personnel than in controls, 50% versus 31% (p=0.03). In the first 2 years of employment the risk of attracting CMV was significantly increased (OR adj =3.80; p<0.001) and the occupational risk was also increased (OR adj 2.19; p<0.001). Parvovirus seropositivity (71-77%) was not related to age or working at a day care centre. In conclusion, an occupational risk was observed for CMV, but not for Parvovirus infection in female day care personnel.

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“…Children aged 1 to 2 years are the most important source of infection for women of reproductive age. 20,21 In seropositive mothers, reactivation of a latent virus or reinfection with a new CMV strain can cause cCMV disease as well, with or without permanent sequelae. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] The risk of vertical transmission seems to be higher in primary infections than in nonprimary infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hearing Loss and Congenital CMV Infection: A Systematic Review

Goderis¹,

Leenheer²,

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hearing loss caused by congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection was first observed in 1964. Today cCMV is the most common cause of nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss in childhood. Our objective was to provide an overview of the prevalence of cCMV-related hearing loss, to better define the nature of cCMV-associated hearing loss, and to investigate the importance of cCMV infection in hearing-impaired children. METHODS:Two reviewers independently used Medline and manual searches of references from eligible studies and review articles to select cohort studies on children with cCMV infection with audiological follow-up and extracted data on population characteristics and hearing outcomes. RESULTS:Thirty-seven studies were included: 10 population-based natural history studies, 14 longitudinal cohort studies, and 13 retrospective studies. The prevalence of cCMV in developed countries is 0.58% (95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.79). Among these newborns 12.6% (95% confidence interval, 10.2-16.5) will experience hearing loss: 1 out of 3 symptomatic children and 1 out of 10 asymptomatic children. Among symptomatic children, the majority have bilateral loss; among asymptomatic children, unilateral loss predominates. In both groups the hearing loss is mainly severe to profound. Hearing loss can have a delayed onset, and it is unstable, with fluctuations and progression. Among hearing-impaired children, cCMV is the causative agent in 10% to 20%. Despite strict selection criteria, some heterogeneity was found between selected studies.CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review underscores the importance of cCMV as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss in childhood. Pediatrics 2014;134:972-982

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Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Review of the Epidemiology and Outcome

Cited by 227 publications

References 81 publications

A series of 238 cytomegalovirus primary infections during pregnancy: description and outcome

A series of 238 cytomegalovirus primary infections during pregnancy: description and outcome

Occupational risk of human Cytomegalovirus and Parvovirus B19 infection in female day care personnel in the Netherlands; a study based on seroprevalence

Hearing Loss and Congenital CMV Infection: A Systematic Review

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