Congenital dermoid sinus of anterior chest: Case report and review of literature

Congenital Cutaneous Sinus at the Sternoclavicular Joint

“…1,2 To date, approximately 389 cases have been reported, of which 56.6% are females and 85.3% are left sided. [3][4][5] Its embryological origin is still debatable. First, SCS may be analogue to dermoid cysts resulting from entrapment of epithelial elements in the deeper tissues along embryonic fusion lines.…”

“…Ultrasonography is preferable for initial evaluation, whereas computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful to demystify the extent of SCS, especially if there are other anatomical anomalies. [4][5][6] Main differential diagnoses comprise epidermoid cysts, dermoid cysts, and branchial cleft anomalies. 2,4 Epidermoid and dermoid cysts develop from entrapment of epithelial structures during closure of the branchial arches and often locate along the midline, 8 and their cystic walls are lined by keratinized squamous epithelium with or without adnexal structures in dermoid or epidermoid cysts, respectively.…”

“…2,4,9 Because of the risk of infection and abscess formation, complete resection of the sinus tract from skin orifice to the blind end during quiescent inflammation phase is recommended. [1][2][3][4][5] Intrasinus cannulation and methylene blue stain can facilitate en bloc resection of sinus tract. 5,9 This patient underwent complete excision of the entire sinus tract with surrounding scar tissue using methylene blue stain, with no complications and relapse at 2-month follow-up.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Intrasinus cannulation and methylene blue stain can facilitate en bloc resection of sinus tract. 5,9 This patient underwent complete excision of the entire sinus tract with surrounding scar tissue using methylene blue stain, with no complications and relapse at 2-month follow-up.…”

“…It is also named as congenital sternoclavicular dermoid sinus and congenital dermoid fistula/sinus of the anterior chest region due to its similar characteristics of dermoid cysts . To date, approximately 389 cases have been reported, of which 56.6% are females and 85.3% are left sided . Its embryological origin is still debatable.…”