Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: an overview of the etiology and current management

Abstract

Aim: To review provide an overview of the etiology and current strategies in the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Methods: We did a comprehensive review of research trends, evidence based studies and epidemiologic studies. Results: CDH is a life-threatening pathology in infants, and a major cause of death due to the pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. There is much research related to elucidating the etiology of CDH and developing management strategies to improve the outcomes in these infants.

Abnormal platelet-derived growth factor signaling accounting for lung hypoplasia in experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia

“…The high morbidity and mortality in CDH has been attributed to pulmonary hypoplasia, characterized by immaturity and small size of the affected lung [1,2]. Maternal exposure to nitrofen in rodents during a specific time period in gestation results in 100% pulmonary hypoplasia and 40% to 80% CDH in the offspring.…”

Radiological Diagnosis of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in 17th Century Korean Mummy

“…Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is caused by a failure in the fusion of the pleuroperitoneal folds that manifests as a defect of the diaphragm during fetal development [1]–[4]. The Bochdalek-type CDH is a protrusion through the posterolateral part of the diaphragm [5]–[8]. Considering that the left side of the pleuroperitoneal canal closes later than does the right side, it is understandable that CDH is much more frequently found on the left side of the diaphragm [4], [7], [9].…”

Diaphragmatic Hernia with Atypical Presentation - A Case Series

“…With increasing severity of lung compression, there is a corresponding decrease in the bronchial branching resulting in a reduction of generations of bronchi and lung tissue. In addition, arterial branching is reduced and there is muscular hyperplasia of the pulmonary arterial tree [10][11] .…”