Congenital Diseases of the Lower Urinary Tract

Bartges, Joseph W.; Callens, Amanda

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.02.004

Cited by 15 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In a previous study of 19 cats with congenital UI, 10 cats had ureteral ectopia and 9 had USMI and urethral hypoplasia . However, that study included only cases of congenital ureteral ectopia and USMI or urethral hypoplasia, and did not include other causes of congenital UI, such as congenital spinal cord malformations or other congenital urinary tract abnormalities . When compared to dogs, the prevalence of congenital causes of UI in our series of cats was approximately one‐half of that reported in canine populations .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Congenital abnormalities accounted for only 18% of our series of incontinent cats and included 4 cats with congenital spinal canal malformations (eg, Manx syndrome or spinal dysraphism), 1 cat with bilateral ureteral ectopia, 2 cats with presumed congenital USMI, and 1 cat with urethral hypoplasia . These and other congenital causes of UI in cats have been reported previously . It is difficult to draw conclusions on the proportional morbidity of congenital disorders in our series of cats because of relatively small numbers of affected cats and the fact that previous studies rarely reported congenital spinal cord diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The reason for this disparity between species is not fully understood but may be related to relative differences in the prevalence of ureteral ectopia in their respective populations. Although very rare in cats, ureteral ectopia is a common cause of UI in juvenile dogs . In 1 study, ureteral ectopia accounted for >50% of cases of congenital UI in dogs .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Retrospective analysis of diagnoses and outcomes of 45 cats with micturition disorders presenting as urinary incontinence

Lonc

Kaneene

Carneiro

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: In contrast to dogs, the causes and outcomes of urinary incontinence (UI) in cats are largely unknown.Objectives: To determine the causes, identify comorbid conditions, and assess outcomes of cats with micturition disorders presenting as UI.Animals: Forty-five cats with UI.Methods: Retrospective study. Medical records of cats presented from January 2006 to December 2017 were searched using 45 keywords related to UI. History, presenting complaint, and physical examination findings were used to confirm a diagnosis. Cases were categorized based on functional and anatomic localizations.Results: Forty-five cats met inclusion criteria. Spinal cord disease was the most common cause of UI (n = 18), followed by urethral (n = 17), bladder (n = 9), and ureteral (n = 1) disorders. Proportions of voiding and storage phase disorders were similar (53% and 47%, respectively). However, voiding-phase disorders were observed more frequently in males and younger-aged cats (P < .03). Urinary tract infection was detected in 11 of 28 (39%) cats. Outcomes were available in 38/45 cases; 16 cats (42%) regained continence, 3 (8%) improved with treatment, and 19 (50%) remained incontinent or were euthanized. Multiple variable logistic regressions indicated that spinal cord disease was significantly more likely to be associated with poor outcomes compared to bladder or urethral disorders (P < .04).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Urinary incontinence in cats was associated with a variety of congenital and acquired disorders that affected both phases of micturition with similar frequency. Incontinent cats with spinal cord disorders were common and warrant a more guarded prognosis than do cats with bladder or urethral disorders. K E Y W O R D S bladder, ectopic ureter, FIC, spinal cord disease, ureter, urethra, urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence, urinary tract infection 1 | INTRODUCTION Urinary incontinence (UI) is encountered uncommonly in cats, 1,2 andclinical observations indicate that the frequency and causes of UI in Abbreviations: FeLV, feline leukemia virus; FIC, feline idiopathic cystitis; IQR, interquartile range; IVDD, intervertebral disk disease; UI, urinary incontinence; USMI, urethral sphincter mechanism incontinence; UTI, urinary tract infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Retrospective analysis of diagnoses and outcomes of 45 cats with micturition disorders presenting as urinary incontinence

Lonc

Kaneene

Carneiro

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The urachus is a fetal connection allowing urine to pass between the developing urinary bladder and the placenta [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Urachal anomalies (UA) result from failure of the urachus to undergo complete atrophy by the time of birth: at this time it should be nonfunctional and typically look like a fibrous connective tissue remnant connecting the bladder vertex with the umbilicus [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors responsible for incomplete closure and atrophy of the urachus have not yet been defined [ 5 ]. UA are relatively uncommon congenital diseases of the lower urinary tract of dogs and cats [ 3 , 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Urachal Anomalies in Cats and Dogs: Retrospective Study of 98 Cases (2009–2019)

Perondi

Puccinelli

Lippi

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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This retrospective study investigated the prevalence of different urachal anomalies (UA) in cats (n = 60) and dogs (n = 38) and their association with clinical symptoms and urinalysis alterations. Among UA, the vesicourachal diverticulum was the most prevalent UA diagnosed in both cats (96.7%) and dogs (89.5%): the intramural vesicourachal diverticulum was diagnosed in 76.7% of cats and 71.1% of dogs, followed by extramural vesicourachal diverticulum (20.0% and 18.4% respectively). In both cats and dogs, bladder wall diffuse or regional thickening was the most prevalent alteration. The most common alterations of the urinary bladder content were urolithiasis sediment in cats (33.3%) and in dogs (31.6%). Dogs with UA were more often asymptomatic (p = 0.01). No difference was found in cats. Stranguria, hematuria, and urethral obstruction were the most frequently reported clinical signs, while hematuria and leukocyturia were the most prevalent abnormalities at urinalysis. In conclusion, our study confirmed UA as uncommon, and often incidental findings, with a high prevalence of animals without clinical signs.

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Urethrorectal fistula in a Labrador puppy

Wale¹

2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 5‐month‐old entire male Labrador retriever puppy was diagnosed with a congenital urethrorectal fistula based on positive contrast abdominal radiography. Antimicrobial therapy was used to treat a clinically asymptomatic lower urinary tract infection prior to surgical correction. The fistula itself was ligated via a perineal approach. The clinical signs resolved immediately after surgery and had not recurred at telephone update 5 months later.

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Congenital Diseases of the Lower Urinary Tract

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Retrospective analysis of diagnoses and outcomes of 45 cats with micturition disorders presenting as urinary incontinence

Retrospective analysis of diagnoses and outcomes of 45 cats with micturition disorders presenting as urinary incontinence

Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Urachal Anomalies in Cats and Dogs: Retrospective Study of 98 Cases (2009–2019)

Urethrorectal fistula in a Labrador puppy

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