Congenital erythroleukemia

Abstract

The disease of a four week old boy is described, which presented with papulous skin infiltrations, lethargy, anemia and bilateral testicular swelling. The investigation of bone marrow, cerebrospinal fluid and skin biopsy revealed infiltration by a leukemic process which could be identified by means of cytology and cytochemistry as erythroleukemia at the stage of erythremic myelosis. Death occurred 20 days after the onset of symptoms. Only one previous report of congenital erythroleukemia could be found in the literature. The findings are briefly discussed.

Neonatal leukaemia

“…The second most common immunophenotypic subtype is acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia associated with t(1;22)(p13.3; q13.1) (see below). There are occasional cases of acute basophilic leukaemia (Kurosawa et al, 1987), erythroleukaemia (Lasson & Goos, 1981;Allan et al, 1989;Hadjiyannakis et al, 1998;Lazure et al, 2003;Van Dongen et al, 2009;Halliday et al, 2016), acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia without t(1;22) (Nakashima et al, 2015;Schifferli et al, 2015;Tsujimoto et al, 2015;Bertrums et al, 2017) or acute leukaemia expressing both erythroid and megakaryocytic markers (Mori et al, 1997). Many of the reported cases with erythroid involvement were not pure erythroid leukaemia and would currently be classified as another type of AML.…”

Successful Treatment of Congenital Erythroleukemia With Low-Dose Cytosine Arabinoside

“…The clonal nature of the blast population was confirmed with G‐banded chromosomal analysis revealing a 46,XY,t(1;8)(p32;q21.3)[21]/46,XY karyotype (Fig. B), previously seen in a small number of patients with AML .…”

“…Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurs more frequently than acute lymphoblastic leukemia during the first four weeks of life, with acute monoblastic leukemia accounting for approximately 50% of cases, followed by acute myelomonocytic leukemia in 20% . Acute erythroleukemia is extremely rare, with six reported cases …”

Successful Treatment of Congenital Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML-M6) in a Premature Infant

“…[3][4][5][6][7] All patients died shortly after diagnosis. In none of the cases, cytotoxic therapy was considered and only supportive care was given, because of the expected poor prognosis, prematurity, and deplorable clinical situation.…”

“…1,2 Congenital erythroleukemias (AML-M6) are extremely rare, that is, only 5 cases, of which 2 were premature infants, were reported in the literature (Table 1). [3][4][5][6][7] None of them were treated or survived. We report the first case of a successfully treated premature infant with congenital AML-M6.…”