Congenital Hypothyroidism and Immunodeficiency: Evidence for an Endocrine-Immune Interaction

Pillay, Karen.

doi:10.1515/jpem.1998.11.6.757

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The studies on human lymphocytes count during hyporthyroid states produced conflicting results. [23][24][25] These discrepancies may be largely attributed to differences in the duration of disease, treatment of disease, age and gender of patients and hypothyroidism origin. The results of the present of the study were consistent with investigation of Christ-Crain et al 24 In Jafarzadeh et al Immunological and hematological changes in thyroid disease © 2010 CIM E275.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and hematological changes in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

Jafarzadeh¹,

Poorgholami²,

Izadi³

et al. 2010

CIM

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Aims: Thyroid hormones have been shown to influence the immune system and haematopoiesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate some immunological and hematological parameters in peripheral blood of hypo-or hyperthyroid women. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 50 women with hypothyroid disease, 50 women with hyperthyroid disease and a control group consisting of 50 sex -and age -matched euthyroid subjects. Thyroid function assesed according to measurent of T3, T4 and TSH levels. The complete blood count (CBC), total and differential counts of white blood cells (WBC), serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE) and C3 and C4 complement components determined in three groups by using standard immunological and hematological methods. Results: In hyperthyroid women the mean serum concentrations of IgG (2312.4±584 mg/dl), IgA (296± 87 mg/dl) and IgE ( 301± 264 IU/ml) were significantly higher than those found in the control group (1539± 974 mg/dl, P<0.0003; 234± 116 mg/dl, P<0.01; 109.8±115 IU/ml, P<0.0001, respectively) and the mean MCV was significantly lower in comparison with the euthyroid group (P<0.05). Hypothyroid patients had higher serum IgE concentrations in comparison with the euthyroid group (179.8± 218 IU/ml vs. 109.8± 115 IU/ml; P<0.047). The mean serum C3 concentration in hypothyroid patients was also significantly higher in comparison with the euthyroid group (138.7± 36.6 mg/ml vs. 117.8± 32.1 mg/dl; P<0.01). In the hypothyroid group the mean eosinophil count was markedly higher in comparison with the hyperthyroid group (P<0.06) and the mean count of RBC and the levels of some RBC-related indices, such as hematocrit and hemoglobin, were significantly lower in comparison with the euthyroid group (P<0.05). Conclusion:These results indicate hypergammablobulinemia and lower MVC in hyperythyroid patients, and higher IgE levels, C3 levels and eosinophil count as well as anemia in hypothyroid patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and hematological changes in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

Jafarzadeh¹,

Poorgholami²,

Izadi³

et al. 2010

CIM

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“…TH administration has been indicated in selected cases of congenital hypothyroidism that result in severe immunodeficiency (33). TH deficiency may significantly alter the balance between malignant tumor viability/growth and cell death (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormones increase inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression downstream from PKC-ζ in murine tumor T lymphocytes

Arcos

Gorelik²,

Klecha³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Regulation of cell proliferation by thyroid hormone (TH) has been demonstrated, but the effect of THs and the mechanisms involved in lymphocyte activity have not been elucidated. Differential expression of PKC isoenzymes and high nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity have been described in tumor T lymphocytes. We have analyzed the direct actions of TH on normal T lymphocytes and BW5147 T lymphoma cells in relation to PKC and NOS activities. THs increased tumor and mitogen-induced normal T lymphocyte proliferation. PKC isoenzyme-selective blockers impaired these effects in both cell types, indicating the participation of Ca2+-dependent and -independent isoenzymes in normal and tumor cells, respectively. TH actions were blunted by extra- and intracellular Ca2+ blockers only in normal T lymphocytes, whereas NOS blockers impaired TH-induced proliferation in T lymphoma cells. Incubation for 24 h with TH induced a rise in total and membrane-associated PKC activities in both cell types and led to a rapid and transient effect only in tumor cells. THs increased atypical PKC-zeta expression in BW5147 cells and classical PKC isoenzymes in mitogen-stimulated normal T cells. TH augmented NOS activity and inducible NOS protein and gene expression only in tumor cells. Blockade of PKC and the atypical PKC-zeta isoform inhibited TH-mediated stimulation of inducible NOS and cell proliferation. These results show, for the first time, that differential intracellular signals are involved in TH modulation of lymphocyte physiology and pathophysiology.

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“…Based on available evidence no conclusions can be drawn about the clinical relevance of such impairment: according to the literature (as well as to our direct clinical experience) thyroidectomized subjects in fact do not appear at increased risk of infections. Nonetheless, it cannot be excluded that the eventual risk is minimized by effective hormone replacement treatment (which has been shown to reverse the impaired immune responses), while prolonged deficiency of thyroid hormones could eventually result in severe infections, as suggested by at least some case reports (Pillay, 1998;Schoenfeld et al, 1995). In any case, from a general point of view this study provides additional evidence concerning the sensitivity of immune cells to neuroendocrine factors, and in particular it extends available information concerning the relationship between the hypothalamo -pituitary -thyroid axis and PMN function in humans, strengthening the notion that the neuroendocrine and the immune system are tightly interconnected to ensure the homeostasis of the whole organism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone regulation of cell migration and oxidative metabolism in polymorphonuclear leukocytes: Clinical evidence in thyroidectomized subjects on thyroxine replacement therapy

et al. 2006

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Congenital Hypothyroidism and Immunodeficiency: Evidence for an Endocrine-Immune Interaction

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Immunological and hematological changes in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

Immunological and hematological changes in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

Thyroid hormones increase inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression downstream from PKC-ζ in murine tumor T lymphocytes

Thyroid hormone regulation of cell migration and oxidative metabolism in polymorphonuclear leukocytes: Clinical evidence in thyroidectomized subjects on thyroxine replacement therapy

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