Congenital hypothyroidism—correlation between radiographic appearances of the knee epiphyses and biochemical data

Newland, C. J.; Swift, Peter; Lamont, A. C.

doi:10.1136/pgmj.67.788.553

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In untreated hypothyroidism, bone maturation is reported nearly to stop, the physeal growth plates may remain open indefinitely, and the radiographic appearance of the bones is so distinctive it is considered by some to be virtually diagnostic (DeLellis 1989;Chew 1991). These congenitally hypothyroid neonates not only exhibit delayed ossification of epiphyses, but irregular and fragmented epiphyseal ossification referred to as epiphyseal dysgenesis (Wilkins 1941;LaFranchi 1979;DeLellis 1989;Chew 1991;Newland et al 1991). Further, the medullary cavities in the tubular and flat bones are characteristically small and narrow, with corresponding thickening of the overlying cortex (Silverman 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of partial thyroidectomy on the development of the equine fetus

Allen

Fretz

Card

et al. 1998

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary A syndrome of congenital hypothyroidism and dymaturity has been an important cause of reproductive loss and foal mortality in western Canada. The cause and pathogenesis of this syndrome is under investigation. One issue to be addressed is whether all the anomalies present in affected foals are produced concurrently by the same agent, or if affected foals are primarily hypothyroid in utero which induces the associated lesions. This study was designed to document the effects of fetal thyroidectomy, at about 215 days of gestation, on the growth and development of the equine fetus and to compare the anomalies present to those reported in the spontaneously occurring syndrome of foals in western Canada. Two sham‐operated controls and 4 partially thyroidectomised foals were carried to term following surgery. Sham‐operated control foals were normally developed. Partially thyroidectomised foals were hypothyroid; had hyperplastic thyroid gland remnants; abnormal behaviour and locomotor skills; and numerous, marked deficiencies in their skeletal development. The anomalies present in partially thyroidectomised foals were comparable to those reported in congenitally hypothyroid neonates of other species, including human infants, and were similar to those described in congenitally hypothyroid and dysmature foals reported in western Canada.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of partial thyroidectomy on the development of the equine fetus

Allen

Fretz

Card

et al. 1998

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…In children, there is delayed skeletal development, often with absent, irregular, or fragmented distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses (Fig 18) resembling multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. Dental development may also be delayed (52)(53)(54).…”

Section: Hypothyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Findings of Metabolic Bone Disease

Chang¹,

Rosenthal

Mitchell³

et al. 2016

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Metabolic bone diseases are a diverse group of diseases that result in abnormalities of (a) bone mass, (b) structure mineral homeostasis, (c) bone turnover, or (d) growth. Osteoporosis, the most common metabolic bone disease, results in generalized loss of bone mass and deterioration in the bone microarchitecture. Impaired chondrocyte development and failure to mineralize growth plate cartilage in rickets lead to widened growth plates and frayed metaphyses at sites of greatest growth. Osteomalacia is the result of impaired mineralization of newly formed osteoid, which leads to characteristic Looser zones. Hypophosphatasia is a congenital condition of impaired bone mineralization with wide phenotypic variability. Findings of hyperparathyroidism are the result of bone resorption, most often manifesting as subperiosteal resorption in the hand. Renal osteodystrophy is the collection of skeletal findings observed in patients with chronic renal failure and associated secondary hyperparathyroidism and can include osteopenia, osteosclerosis, and "rugger jersey spine." Hypoparathyroidism is most commonly due to iatrogenic injury, and radiographic findings of hypoparathyroidism reflect an overall increase in bone mass. Thyroid hormone regulates endochondral bone formation; and congenital hypothyroidism, when untreated, leads to delayed bone age and absent, irregular, or fragmented distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses. Soft-tissue proliferation of thyroid acropachy is most often observed in the hands and feet. The findings of acromegaly are due to excess growth hormone secretion and therefore proliferation of the bones and soft tissues. Vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy, impairs posttranslational collagen modification, leading to subperiosteal hemorrhage and fractures. RSNA, 2016.

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“…The clinical effects of childhood thyroid dysfunction are well documented. Untreated congenital hypothyroidism is characterized by growth arrest, epiphyseal dysgenesis, delayed bone age and short stature (Bucher et al ., 1985; Virtanen, 1988; Leger & Czernichow, 1989; Virtanen & Perheentupa, 1989; Newland et al ., 1991; Chiesa et al ., 1994). Early treatment with thyroxine replacement increases growth velocity, allowing children to reach their predicted adult height (Bucher et al ., 1985; Chiesa et al ., 1994; Dickerman & De Vries, 1997; Salerno et al ., 2001).…”

Section: Bone Biology and The Skeletal Consequences Of Thyroid Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%