Congenital Intracranial Vascular Malformations in Children

Lagos, Jorge C.; Riley, Harris D.

doi:10.1136/adc.46.247.285

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is interesting to note how seldom (2 cases only) seizures were associated with SAH as presenting symptoms. The rate of epilepsy in pedi- atric IAVM (18% in our series) appears to be fairly variable, from 10 [1] to 54% [8]. Since no conclusions can be drawn, it would be interesting to know whether personal biases of evaluation in different series of an iden tical disease might have contributed to such marked statistical differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in Children (56 Cases)

Gerosa¹,

Cappellotto²,

Licata³

et al. 1981

Pediatr Neurosurg

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A survey of 56 patients aged ≤ 16 years, admitted (1954–1979) for cerebral arteriovenous malformations, is presented. The clinical manifestation was mostly related to hemorrhage, less frequently to epilepsy or to a cerebral ‘steal’ syndrome. The most frequent site was the parietal lobe, with supply from the middle cerebral artery. Deep malformations were not uncommon and most lesions were of medium or large size. 38 patients were operated upon, and 18 were given treatment other than surgical (including radiotherapy). 23 malformations were completely excised, in 4 patients only a partial excision could be carried out, and in 10 patients surgery consisted of occlusion (clipping or coagulation) of feeding vessels. In 1 patient, surgery had to be limited to removal of an intracerebral hematoma. The immediate and long-term results of treatment are much better in the surgical than in the nonsurgical group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in Children (56 Cases)

Gerosa¹,

Cappellotto²,

Licata³

et al. 1981

Pediatr Neurosurg

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“…In neurosurgical materials the incidence of cerebral vascular malformations varies from 0,5 to 9,0% [145,180,189,191,255]. In a personal study 5% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions were confirmed either by biopsy or autopsy [120].…”

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Acute or organized thrombosis of the varix or of the deep cerebral vein, the vein of Galen, or sinus system reported in some cases may or may not be associated with hemorrhagic infarction [82,237]. There is often associated congestive heart failure with cardiomegaly and high-output cardiac failure, the reasons of which are lower peripheral resistance and augmentation of cardiac output due to the shunt effect of the large fistulas often related to the size of the AVM and the magnitude of the shunt [89,90,145,225]. Other system lesions include cardiomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly.…”

Section: Varix Of the Vein Of Galenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular malformations of the central nervous system: A morphological overview

Jellinger

1986

Neurosurg. Rev.

245

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Vascular malformations of the central nervous system (C.N.S.) are classified by size, location, and morphologic type, distinguishing capillary telangiectasias, cavernous malformations, venous angiomas, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) including varix of the great vein of Galen, and other vascular malformations (e.g. Sturge-Weber syndrome). The morphology and predominant location pattern of the different types of vascular malformations in the brain and spinal cord, and their embryology are reviewed. In the brain and its coverings, all types mainly AVMs and venous angiomas do occur, representing 5-9% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions and 20-40% of the sources of surgically treated intracranial hemorrhages. 50-80% of the angiomas are located in the cerebral hemispheres, 10-18% in central brain areas (basal ganglia, internal capsule, choroid plexus), and 10-30% in the posterior fossa. The major types of cerebral vascular malformations are described with reference to their anatomical features, location, chief arterial and venous supply, and prominent complications. Spinal vascular malformations, accounting for 3 to 12% of spinal space-occupying lesions, include vertebral, extradural, dural, subpial and intramedullary angiomas which occur as isolated or complex vascular anomalies and may involve various covering layers at the same level. The preferential occurrence of angiomas on the dorsal surface of the cord and in the caudal regions is related to the embryologic development of spinal vasculature. Frequent association of spinal angiomas (20-25%) with other vascular anomalies and dysplasias emphasizes their hamartomatous nature and developmental origin. Spinal angiomas include capillary telangiectasias with extra- or intradural and, rarely, intramedullary location, cavernomas, mainly arising in vertebral bodies, venous angiomas, mainly located in vertebral bodies and in the extradural space, and AVMs constituting the commonest type, that may affect both the pial and radicular vessels and can penetrate into the cord. They present as simple AV fistulas, cirsoid angiomas with localized vascular plexuses and large complex convolutions ("juvenile" type). The complications of spinal angiomas include subarachnoid hemorrhage, rare epidural hematoma, hematomyelia, compression lesions of the cord and roots, and ischemic changes causing chronic progressive radiculomyelopathy, previously referred to as Foix-Alajouanine syndrome. Chronic damage to the cord and spinal roots results from pressure effects, thrombosis of the abnormal vessels, disorders of venous drainage, and "steal" phenomena related to the vascular anomalies.

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“…2 Occipital, frontal, or parietal AVMs typically present later in childhood. 10 From our experience, it appears that A VMs may not become visible until the third trimester. In all four cases in this series the brain appeared normal in the second trimester and even as late as 33 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Arteriovenous malformations. Locations and evolution in the fetal brain.

Comstock

Kirk²

1991

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Almost all cerebral arteriovenous malformations in the fetus involve the vein of Galen, although occasionally they may involve the frontal area of the brain instead. In all reported cases arteriovenous malformations have presented some time after 30 weeks as a sonolucent oval lesion located in the midline behind the third ventricle. Previous scans have been normal. Evidence of high output failure such as cardiomegaly, enlarged neck veins, or hydrops predicts a poor outcome.

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Congenital Intracranial Vascular Malformations in Children

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in Children (56 Cases)

Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in Children (56 Cases)

Vascular malformations of the central nervous system: A morphological overview

Arteriovenous malformations. Locations and evolution in the fetal brain.

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