Congenital Neuroglial Heterotopia in a Neonatal Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi ) with Evidence of Recent Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Harris, Heather; Facemire, Paul; Greig, Denise J.; Colegrove, Kathleen M.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Yanagida, Gladys K.; Nutter, Felicia B.; Fleetwood, Michelle; Gulland, Frances M. D.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-47.1.246

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The first is a case of a male seal presumed to be less than 3 d of age from San Francisco Bay, California (Harris et al, 2011). The animal demonstrated 10 firm, round soft tissue masses associated with the oral mucosa and perioral skin.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 98%

Short Note: Intestinal Atresia in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) and a Review of Congenital Conditions of the Species

Leger

Nilson

2014

Aquat Mamm

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 98%

Short Note: Intestinal Atresia in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) and a Review of Congenital Conditions of the Species

Leger

Nilson

2014

Aquat Mamm

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“…A hamartoma represents a benign, non-neoplastic cellular proliferation in a localized area that surpasses the normal growth of cells in that area and is presumed to be of congenital origin (Kusewitt 2012). Hamartomas have been reported in a California sea lion Zalophus californianus (Blankenship et al 2008) and in a neonatal harbor seal Phoca vitulina exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Harris et al 2011). Dystocia has been documented as a cause of death in a variety of marine mammal species including harbor porpoises.…”

Section: Non-infectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of mortality of harbor porpoises Phocoena phocoena along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Canada

Fenton¹,

Daoust²,

Forzán³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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There is increasing public interest in the overall health of the marine environment. Harbor porpoises Phocoena phocoena have a coastal distribution, and stranded animals function as sentinels for population and ecosystem health. The goal of this retrospective study was to join datasets from the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific coasts of Canada to investigate causes of morbidity and mortality in this species. A total of 241 necropsy records were reviewed including 147 (61%) from the Pacific region and 94 (39%) from the Atlantic region from 1988 to 2011. A cause of death could be determined with confidence in 118 (49%) of these cases. Of these 118 cases, the leading cause of mortality for both regions, together and separately, was infectious disease. In the Pacific region, this was followed by traumatic and anthropogenic causes, whereas in the Atlantic region, it was followed by emaciation/starvation, mortality of dependent calves, and anthropogenic causes. Pathogens of potential zoonotic significance or indicative of environmental contamination, e.g. Salmonella sp. and Cryptococcus gattii, were identified. Numerous parasitic species were observed within the lungs, liver, stomach, middle ear, and subcutaneous tissues, although they were usually interpreted as incidental findings. Anthropogenic causes may be underrepresented as they are notoriously difficult to diagnose with certainty, thereby making up a proportion of the 'unknown causes of death' (51%) category. Improved standardization of data collection and documentation is required to better understand harbor porpoise and ecosystem health.

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“…Congenital diseases previously reported in harbor seals include cleft palate, cleft lips, cardiac defects, hydronephrosis, hiatal hernia, scoliosis, arthrogryposis, lens triplication, macroglossia, anorectal malformation and vaginal artesia, brain or cranial malformations, dwarfism, intestinal atresia, and neuroglial heterotopia [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. However, no descriptions of inner ear congenital malformations in harbor seals or other marine mammals have been documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Inner Hair Cell Loss in a Neonate Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Rojas

Haulena

Busse

et al. 2022

Animals

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Congenital hearing loss is recognized in humans and other terrestrial species. However, there is a lack of information on its prevalence or pathophysiology in pinnipeds. It is important to have baseline knowledge on marine mammal malformations in the inner ear, to differentiate between congenital and acquired abnormalities, which may be caused by infectious pathogens, age, or anthropogenic interactions, such as noise exposure. Ultrastructural evaluation of the cochlea of a neonate harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) by scanning electron microscopy revealed bilateral loss of inner hair cells with intact outer hair cells. The selective inner hair cell loss was more severe in the basal turn, where high-frequency sounds are encoded. The loss of inner hair cells started around 40% away from the apex or tip of the spiral, reaching a maximum loss of 84.6% of hair cells at 80–85% of the length from the apex. Potential etiologies and consequences are discussed. This is believed to be the first case report of selective inner hair cell loss in a marine mammal neonate, likely congenital.

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Congenital Neuroglial Heterotopia in a Neonatal Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi ) with Evidence of Recent Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Short Note: Intestinal Atresia in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) and a Review of Congenital Conditions of the Species

Short Note: Intestinal Atresia in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) and a Review of Congenital Conditions of the Species

Causes of mortality of harbor porpoises Phocoena phocoena along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Canada

Selective Inner Hair Cell Loss in a Neonate Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

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