Congenital Pneumonia

Abstract

Congenital pneumonia is one of the common causes of respiratory distress at birth, with significant morbidity and mortality in neonates, especially among preterm infants, and particularly in developing countries. The etiological agents are many and vary between the developed and underdeveloped parts of the world. Group B streptococci have been attributed as the most common organisms causing severe pneumonia, particularly in developed countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now an increasing risk in underdeveloped countries such as Zimbabwe. Ureaplasma spp. have been highlighted as an important cause of congenital pneumonia in recent years. Clinical manifestations are often nonspecified, and majority of infections appear within the first 48 hours of life. Establishing the microbial diagnosis of congenital pneumonia is challenging. Molecular diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction has an extremely improved diagnostic yield as compared with other conventional detection methods. However, it is often associated with a high level of contamination and may not be available in most hospitals. Management of congenital pneumonia is multifaceted and the most vital is towards eliminating the possible incriminating agent. This review updates the current knowledge on congenital pneumonia and discusses its etiology, diagnosis, preventive strategies, and management.

The Value of Macrogene Second-Generation Sequencing in the Diagnosis, Guidance of Drug Use, and Efficacy Monitoring of Infectious Pneumonia in Premature Infants

“…The virus is extremely difficult to cultivate in the ordinary laboratory of the hospital, and the diagnosis of viral pneumonia has always been a clinical problem. Clinical diagnosis combined with medical history and chest CT manifestations for empirical diagnosis, the accurate diagnosis, and treatment of patients are seriously lagging behind [27][28][29][30]. In this study, no virus was detected in the control group, indicating that mNGS has a good effect in the diagnosis of virus infection.…”

Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria en el neonato: del desarrollo embrionario al manejo de terapia intensiva

“…La neumonía es una infección del tracto respiratorio inferior que se caracteriza por la inflamación de los sacos alveolares. Se clasifica como neumonía congénita cuando el agente microbiológico invasor se adquiere a través de una infección transplacentaria o evoluciona a partir de la adquisición del patógeno durante el paso a través del canal de parto (23).…”

“…La neumonía generalmente se presenta como una enfermedad sistémica con dificultad respiratoria progresiva, que puede o no cursar con hipoxia y cambios en la temperatura corporal (24). Otros hallazgos menos específicos son ictericia, apnea, letargia e inhabilidad para comer (23). La diferenciación entre esta enfermedad y el SDR es complicada, ya que tienden a presentarse de manera similar, con escasos cambios en la radiografía, tales como opacidades alveolares bilaterales, que son más sugestivos de neumonía (18,24).…”