Congenital toxoplasma chorioretinitis transmitted by preconceptionally immune women

Dollfus, Hélène; Dureau, P.; Hennequin, Christophe; Uteza, Yves; Bron, A; Dufier, J.L.

doi:10.1136/bjo.82.12.1444

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It can be detected in newborn infants, and its serological profile at birth depends on the date of infection, being absent if infection of the fetus occurs during the first trimester but present if it occurs during the third trimester. The presence of IgA in the serum of immune mothers [261,262] is presumably due to reinfection and not reactivation of chronic disease [261][262][263].…”

Section: Igamentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunopathogenesis of toxoplasmosis

Hegab

Al-Mutawa²

2003

Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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Toxoplasmosis is a ubiquitous infection affecting 500 million persons around the world, with a range of incidence 12%-90%, increasing with age, education, crowding and sanitary habits. Cats are the definitive host. Infection is primarily congenital but acquired ocular infection has been documented. The review focuses on the immunopathogenesis of toxoplasmosis with emphasis on the eye problem due to its morbidity. The response to infection correlates with both parasitic and retinal antigens. The clinical picture and histopathology is a reflection of the immune response which constitutes early humeral response which presents both systemically and locally primary infection and is elevated with reactivation. This is followed by the cellular response, varying from low grade monocular infilterate a total tissue destruction with response of live parasites especially in immuno-compromised patients. Penetration of the parasite and its enclosure within the parasitophorous vacuole and its eneyst all make its eradicatier impossible. This reflects the variability of antiparasitic therapy that include folate antagonists, macrolides, hydroxy naphthoquindones and fluoroquinolones. Use of corticosteroid should be limited to severe reactions and should be associated with specific therapy.

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Section: Igamentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunopathogenesis of toxoplasmosis

Hegab

Al-Mutawa²

2003

Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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“…Nonetheless, cases of congenital toxoplasmosis in the chronic phase have been reported in immunocompetent females, indicating the possibility of reinfection in humans (Dollfus et al 1998, Silveira et al 2003, Kodjikian et al 2004, Elbez-Rubinstein et al 2009). In mouse models, reinfection occurs when parasites are of different clonal genotypes (Araújo et al 1997, Dao et al 2001, but no information is available on host co-infection with recombinant T. gondii strains, which are commonly found in Brazil , Khan et al 2006, Dubey et al 2007.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental reinfection of BALB/c mice with different recombinant type I/III strains of Toxoplasma gondii: involvement of IFN-³ and IL-10

Brandão¹,

Melo²,

Gazzinelli

et al. 2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Relapse of toxoplasmic encephalitis is frequently observed in AIDS patients despite continuation of the therapy (2,5,18). A previous study has reported that reactivation of congenital toxoplasmosis is detected in mothers due to pregnancy-mediated immunosuppression (6). Our data thus suggest that sulfamethoxazole treatment should be continued in immunocompromised hosts because sulfamethoxazole treatment could not completely eradicate bradyzoites from the organs of GKO and WT B/c mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Evaluation of the Effects of Sulfamethoxazole on Toxoplasma gondii Loads and Stage Conversion in IFN‐γ Knockout Mice Using QC‐PCR

Belal

Norose

Aosai

et al. 2004

Microbiology and Immunology

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Toxoplasma gondii abundance with or without sulfamethoxazole treatment was evaluated by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC‐PCR) assay in various organs of IFN‐γ knockout BALB/c (B/c) mice after peroral infection with the cyst‐forming Fukaya strain. T. gondii infection was observed in the brain, skin, tongue, heart, and skeletal muscle of the mice treated with sulfamethoxazole, although the parasite was not observed during the treatment in the mesenteric lymph node, spleen, small intestine or kidney. After discontinuing the therapy, T. gondii reappeared within five days in all organs. Reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR showed that sulfamethoxazole treatment accelerated the stage conversion of T. gondii from tachyzoites into bradyzoites in the brain, lung, and heart. In contrast, after discontinuing sulfamethoxazole treatment, T. gondii underwent stage conversion from bradyzoites into tachyzoites in these organs. These results indicate that we successfully established an animal model for evaluating chemotherapy regimens in immunocompromised hosts infected with T. gondii.

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Congenital toxoplasma chorioretinitis transmitted by preconceptionally immune women

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Immunopathogenesis of toxoplasmosis

Immunopathogenesis of toxoplasmosis

Experimental reinfection of BALB/c mice with different recombinant type I/III strains of Toxoplasma gondii: involvement of IFN-³ and IL-10

Evaluation of the Effects of Sulfamethoxazole on Toxoplasma gondii Loads and Stage Conversion in IFN‐γ Knockout Mice Using QC‐PCR

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