Congenital Vascular Tumors and Malformations Involving Urinary Tract: Diagnosis and Surgical Management

Endoscopic neodymium:yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation of a bladder hemangioma associated with Klippel–Weber syndrome

“… 7 There is mention of three deaths owing to hemorrhage from bladder hemangioma in the literature, one following transurethral biopsy. 10 …”

Hemangioma of the Bladder with Extravesical Extension

“…Gross, painless, recurrent hematuria is the most frequent clinical symptom [1], Other symptoms include lower abdominal pain and vesical irritation [1,7,9], The clinical diagnosis is mainly established by cystoscopic examination because most of the lesions are sessile, broad based, and multilobulated with a bluish-red color. Differential diagnosis at cystoscopy includes endometrioma, malignant melanoma, bladder varices, sarcoma, or diffuse lymphangiohemangiomatosis [7], Since hemor rhagic complications have been reported after transure thral resection or biopsy, endoscopic treatment of bladder hemangioma has been strongly discouraged [4][5][6][7], There have been 3 cases of death due to exsanguination after biopsy [14], In our case, however, biopsy was performed because no remarkable features of bladder hemangioma were found on cystoscopic examination. This experience suggests that there may be some cases in whom cystoscop ic characteristics of bladder hemangioma are not shown, even if the tumor is relatively large.…”

Haemangioma of the bladder

“…Numerous surgical methods have been employed to treat haemangioma of the bladder, including cystoscopic fulguration (Hamsher, Farrar, & Moore, 1958), transurethral resection (Kahle, Maltry & Vickery, 1942), partial cystectomy (De la Pena, 1949), and subtotal cystectomy (Fuleihan & Cordonnier, 1969). Recurrences may occur when removal has been incomplete or the tumour shows malignant degeneration, otherwise surgical results are excellent.…”