Congestion bottleneck avoid routing in wireless sensor networks

Abstract

A new efficient method for detecting congested bottleneck nodes and avoiding them in the route formation in a wireless sensor network is described. Sensor nodes with a higher degree of congestion are excluded while determining the best routing path from a given source to destination in a multi-hop transmission. In a scenario where different communication paths have different maximum congestion levels, selecting that path which has least maximum congestion, is a challenging task. A modified Bellman-Ford algorithm is proposed to solve this problem efficiently. The proposed technique is very much useful for the optimal route selection for vehicles in metropolitan cities that avoids high traffic density junctions. Once the desired destination is specified, the traffic control system can use this algorithm to provide the least congested routes to the intra-city vehicles.

Approach to minimizing consumption of energy in wireless sensor networks

“…Each sensor node is powered by a limited-capacity on-board power source (often a battery) whose consumption for communication and computation related to information processing must be optimized, because these sensor nodes are often deployed in hostile areas that preclude any attempt at sustained maintenance, expressed as reloading or replacing their batteries in the deployment space. To deal with this problem, several solutions have been proposed [1].…”

“…However, none of its methods are currently appropriate for WSN [6]. A fourth alternative is to design, develop and analyze (by simulation or implementation in real platforms) energy-efficient algorithms, protocols and techniques to save electrical energy within a sensor node and within the grid, whose ultimate goal is to extend the life of the WSN as long as possible while ensuring both its operationality and its performance [1]. The latter alternative falls within the field of informatics and telecommunications by its aspect related to the way in which the internal components of a sensor node consume energy as well as the way in which the nodes sensors spend energy to perform cooperative tasks, related to the nature of multi-stage ad-hoc communication, such as routing, aggregation, dissemination and change of network topology [1].…”

“…), from a monitored area to collection points called sinks. This information is then transmitted via a transport network (Internet, cellular network such as GSM, ISDN) to a processing centre where possible analyses, interpretations and decisions are made by an end-user [1].…”

“…Two important programs of the American defense agency "Defense Advanced Research Projects" (DARPA) have marked the history of the WSN, the "Distributed Sensor Networks" (DSN) program and the Senit program "Sensor Information Technology", the first visa to develop new specific techniques for sensor networks. The second, considered an ambitious program, basically sought to investigate the possibility of extending the Arpanet network (the Internet predecessor) to include sensor networks [1][2].…”

Cluster Formation using Fuzzy Logic in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Controlling traffic, military areas, status of sensitive patients and monitoring forest fires are some of the major applications where wireless sensor nodes are commonly used [4]. The key factors that have an influence on the WSN design are reliability, hardware limitations, costs, scalability, fault tolerance, energy consumption and transmission environment [5]. Routing and clustering are the two methodologies commonly used to increase the WSN's lifetime.…”