“…In these places, infestation occurs mainly in rural areas, fishing communities, indigenous communities and urban settlements of low socioeconomic level (Heukelbach et al, 2001;Ariza et al, 2007;Calheiros et al, 2007;Bonfim et al, 2010), which reflects the association of tungiasis with poverty (Heukelbach et al, 2003;Heukelbach, 2005). In fact, tungiasis is endemic in disadvantaged urban areas, rural communities and fishing villages throughout Brazil (Heukelbach et al, 2003;Carvalho et al, 2012), constituting a major public health problem in these locations (Heukelbach, 2005).…”