Conicity Index and Waist‐to‐Hip Ratio Are Superior Obesity Indices in Predicting 10‐Year Cardiovascular Risk Among Men and Women

Abstract

Background: Central obesity has been recognized as a main risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events. Three popular central obesity indices are waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio; abdominal volume index and conicity index are 2 recent novel obesity indices. The main aim of this study is to determine the performance of these indices to best predict 10-year CV events. Hypothesis: Some obesity indices can be used to predict cardiovascular risk. Methods: In total, 3199 subjects (age range, 40-79 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and Framingham risk score tools were used to estimate the 10-year CV events. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal discriminator(s) among the central obesity measures in the estimation of a 10-year risk of CV events ≥7.5%, ≥10%, and ≥20% separately. Results: Among the 5 central obesity indices, conicity index showed the most discriminatory power in estimation of a 10-year CV risk. In men, based on the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association tool, the areas under the curve (AUCs) were from 0.671 to 0.682 based on the 3 above thresholds, whereas with the Framingham tool, AUCs were from 0.651 to 0.659. In women, all AUCs were >0.7. Our results also showed WHR to be an almost comparable discriminator of CV disease risk in the Iranian study population. Conclusion: Conicity index and WHR had a more discriminatory accuracy for 10-year CV events compared with the other obesity indices.

Anthropometric and central obesity indices as predictors of long-term cardiometabolic risk among Saudi young and middle-aged men and women

“…The OR at the 95% confidence interval was 4.66 and 4.39, while, the kappa coefficient was 0.18 and 0.10. There were slightly different cutoff values for young Caucasian Sicilian population of 2.52 (age <30 years) and 2.23 (age ≥30 and <42 years) were reported by Amato et al34 Motamed et al35 stated the same finding for the discriminatory accuracy of CI for 10-years FS and ASCVD scores among men. However, the accuracy of CI among women was not consistent with our results.…”

Anthropometric patterns of adiposity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in older adults of Viçosa, Brazil: A population‐based study

“…20 The use of BMI in older adults can result in overweight and obesity classification errors as a result of inaccuracies and difficulties of measuring the height and lean body mass reduction that occurs during aging. Regarding the conicity index, for example, studies including adults and older adults have shown that its accuracy to discriminate high coronary risk is higher than other central distribution indicators of fat, such as WHtR, especially in women, 25,26 and similar to WHR. 19 Hip circumference could be used as an indicator of total body adiposity, especially in situations where it is not possible to measure the weight and height, but its use is limited because there are no parameters for its classification.…”

“…24 Considering the knowledge gaps about ABSI, other measures can be used to assess the body fat distribution in older adults. Regarding the conicity index, for example, studies including adults and older adults have shown that its accuracy to discriminate high coronary risk is higher than other central distribution indicators of fat, such as WHtR, especially in women, 25,26 and similar to WHR. 27 Although the WHR was not variable strongly correlated with factor 2, it could be used as an indicator of body fat distribution in situations in which obtaining the height is not possible with the advantage of it being obtained quickly and easily compared with the other indices.…”

Effects of insulin resistance on the association between the circulating retinol-binding protein 4 level and clustering of pediatric cardiometabolic risk factors

“…WC was measured to the nearest centimeter at the level of the umbilicus after expiration as the participant stood and breathed normally, and HC was measured as the widest circumference around the buttocks. The abdominal volume index (AVI), which measures adipose tissue in viscera and abdominal organs, was calculated as follows: …”