CONISS: a FORTRAN 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares

Grimm, Eric C.

doi:10.1016/0098-3004(87)90022-7

Cited by 2,809 publications

(1,640 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This method selects the two most similar, stratigraphically adjacent samples, and combines them. The combination is then treated as a single sample, and the search is repeated (Grimm, 1987).…”

Section: Sample and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A late Eocene palynological record of climate change and Tibetan Plateau uplift (Xining Basin, China)

Hoorn

Straathof

Abels

et al. 2012

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

126

111

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General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Climate models suggest that Asian paleoenvironments, monsoons and continental aridification were primarily governed by tectonic uplift and sea retreat since the Eocene with potential contribution of global climate changes. However, the cause and timing of these paleoenvironmental changes remain poorly constrained. The recently well-dated continental mudflat to ephemeral saline lake sedimentary succession, situated in the Xining Basin at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (NW China), provides a unique opportunity to develop additional proxy successions in this area that are placed accurately in time. Here, a palynological record from this succession is reported. High abundances of desert and steppe-desert taxa such as Ephedripites and Nitrariadites/Nitraripollis are found, which can be differentiated by the presence of broad leaved deciduous forest taxa in the lower part of the section (particularly up to 36.4 Ma; magnetochron C16r), and a sudden increase of Pinaceae (Pinuspollenites, Piceaepollenites and Abiespollenites) which is dated at 36.1 Ma (C16n.2n). Coexistence Approach (CoA) indicates that from 39.9 to 36.4 Ma (C17n.1n) regional climate was warm and wet, while from 36.4 to 33.5 Ma (C16n.2n-C13r) climate tends to be cooler and drier. The data indicate that paleoenvironmental and palynological changes on the NE part of the Tibetan Plateau resulted from a combination of long-term tectonic uplift forcing and long-and short-term climate changes. The increase of taxa such as Piceaepollenites and Abiespollenites indicates not only a cooling and drying trend prior to the Eocene/Oligocene (E/O) boundary, but also the existence of high altitude mountain habitats in the periphery of the Xining Basin. The sudden Pinaceae event correlates closely in time with a marked aridification step as viewed from the lithology of the Xining Basin that was linked to the sea retreat out of the Tarim Basin.

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Section: Sample and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The palynological data are represented in diagrams (Figs. 2, constructed with the programs C2 (Juggins, 2005), Tilia version 5, and Tilia TGView (Grimm, 1987). For a better visualization, the pollen diagram ( Fig.…”

Section: Sample and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A late Eocene palynological record of climate change and Tibetan Plateau uplift (Xining Basin, China)

Hoorn

Straathof

Abels

et al. 2012

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

126

111

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“…The percentage pollen diagram is divided into five major pollen zones, including subzones when necessary, based on stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis (CONISS) (Grimm, 1987). (94-72.6 ka; 101.28-76.34 m) Zone A is characterized by an abundance of herb pollen Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae.…”

Section: Fossil Pollen Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

A 94–10ka pollen record of vegetation change in Qaidam Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Wei

Fan

Zhao

et al. 2015

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Drill core (ISL1A) was obtained from the Qarhan Salt Lake in central eastern Qaidam Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NE TP). Fossil pollen and the lithology of the core sediment were analyzed in conjunction with AMS 14 C and 230 Th dating. The results indicated that Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae dominated the steppe/desert steppe vegetation developed around the lake between 94 and 51.2 ka, corresponding with the organic-rich silty clay deposited in the core sediments. Pediastrum continuously appeared in the core sediments between 94 and 51.2 ka, indicating freshwater to oligohaline conditions of the paleo-Qarhan Lake during the late marine isotope stage (MIS) 5, MIS 4, and early MIS 3. During the 51.2 to 32.5 ka period, Ephedra dominated shrub-desert vegetation expanded in the basin, while, Pediastrum disappeared in the core sediments. The core sediments consisted of interbedded layers of halite silt and clay-rich halite between 51.2 and 32.5 ka, signifying a shift toward drier hydrologic conditions. Thus, the paleo-Qarhan Lake experienced periods of desiccation and shallow water levels. Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae dominated steppe/desert steppe vegetation appeared again from 32.5 to 25.3 ka, with clay-rich sediments in the core, thereby suggesting an increase of runoff from the lake under relatively wetter climatic conditions. Since 25.3 ka, however, pollen concentrations declined, corresponding with the amount of halite deposited in the core sediment and, suggesting a cold, dry climatic condition during MIS2. Our findings have important implications for understanding complex regional vegetation and climatic responses to large-scale forcings in the Qaidam Basin.

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“…The zonation of the pollen diagram ( Fig. 2) was established by means of a CONISS analysis for stratigraphically constrained samples (Grimm 1987). Spores were not considered for this analysis.…”

Section: Sampling and Pollen Analytical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Holocene Vegetation History and Early Evidence of Araucaria angustifolia in Caçapava do Sul in the Lowland Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil

Behling

Verissimo²,

Bauermann

et al. 2016

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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CONISS: a FORTRAN 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares

Cited by 2,809 publications

References 19 publications

A late Eocene palynological record of climate change and Tibetan Plateau uplift (Xining Basin, China)

A late Eocene palynological record of climate change and Tibetan Plateau uplift (Xining Basin, China)

A 94–10ka pollen record of vegetation change in Qaidam Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Late Holocene Vegetation History and Early Evidence of Araucaria angustifolia in Caçapava do Sul in the Lowland Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil

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