Conjoint influence of mind-wandering and sleepiness on task performance.

Stawarczyk, David; D’Argembeau, Arnaud

doi:10.1037/xhp0000254

Cited by 40 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…In other situations, however, mind wandering and mind blanking can be differentiated by arousal levels such that mind blanking is still associated with lowered arousal, but mind wandering is associated with heightened arousal. This finding is similar to recent research by Stawarczyk and D'Argembeau (2016), who found that mind blanking was associated with higher levels of drowsiness than was mind wandering, suggesting that mind blanking and mind wandering are distinguishable. Thus, in many attention-demanding situations, mind wandering and mind blanking are likely similar.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Tracking arousal state and mind wandering with pupillometry

Unsworth

Robison

2018

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

117

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In four experiments, the association between arousal state and different mind-wandering states was examined. Participants performed a sustained attention task while pupil responses were continuously recorded. Periodically during the task, participants were presented with thought probes to determine if they were on task or mind wandering. Across the four experiments, the results suggested that in situations that promoted on-task behaviors and focused external attention, mind wandering was associated with lowered arousal, as seen by smaller tonic pupil diameters and smaller phasic pupillary responses. However, in situations that promoted a more internal focus of attention, there were no differences between on-task states and mind wandering in tonic pupil diameter (although differences emerged for phasic pupillary responses), suggesting similar arousal levels. Furthermore, across the four experiments, mind blanking and mind wandering dissociated in terms of whether the situation promoted focused external attention or focused internal attention. These results are broadly consistent with the notion that mind wandering is a heterogeneous construct, with different forms of mind wandering being associated with different arousal states, and suggest that a combination of behavioral and pupillary measures can be used to track these various states.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Tracking arousal state and mind wandering with pupillometry

Unsworth

Robison

2018

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

117

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“…We also obtained subjective reports of arousal after each baseline period using the same arousal scale as in Åkerstedt and Gillberg (1990) and Stawarczyk and D'Argembeau (2016).…”

Section: Locus Coeruleus and Fluid Intelligence 58mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid intelligence and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system

Tsukahara¹,

Engle²

2020

Preprint

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The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system is uniquely situated to influence a wide-array of brain and cellular processes at all levels of brain functions. We review the literature on the locus-coeruleus-norepinephrine system in relation to fluid intelligence within the context of our executive attention theory. We discuss evidence suggesting the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system plays an important role in the functional organization of the resting-state brain and that this can explain our finding from Tsukahara et al. (2016) that higher fluid intelligence and working memory capacity is associated with a larger baseline pupil size. However, other researchers have not been able to replicate our 2016 finding – though they only measured working memory capacity and not fluid intelligence. In a reanalysis of Tsukahara et al. (2016) we show that reduced variability on baseline pupil size will result in a higher probability of obtaining smaller and non-significant correlations with working memory capacity. In two large-scale studies, we demonstrated that reduced variability in baseline pupil size values down to minimal physiological limits can be obtained if the monitor is too bright. Additionally, fluid intelligence and working memory capacity do correlate with baseline pupil size except in the brightest lighting conditions. We also investigated the relationship of higher-order cognition to baseline pupil size within the context of our executive attention theory. Therefore, we conclude that fluid intelligence does correlate with baseline pupil size and that this is related to the functional organization of the resting-state brain through the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system.

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“…One possible explanation for these findings could be that less self-relevant stimuli induce mind-wandering. Mind-wandering is defined as the occurrence of self-generated thoughts that are both unrelated to the current task and decoupled from immediate sensory perceptions [ 20 , 21 ]. It is known that mind-wandering caught by a probe distracts attention to stimuli in an ongoing task, which was associated with longer reaction times [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hearing own or other’s name has different effects on monotonous task performance

Kaida

Iwaki

2018

PLoS ONE

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We examined the effect of hearing two types of self-relevant words, one’s own name and the name of others, on vigilant attention, arousal, and subjective sleepiness during performing the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Participants performed the PVT under three experimental conditions, (a) hearing own full name (high self-relevant condition), (b) hearing other’s name (low self- relevant condition) and (c) the control condition with no stimuli. Participants heard the names every 20 sec. Self-relevance was assessed before the experiment using the self-relevance scale. The results of the behavioral effects are relatively small and not consistently supported by all of the performance indicators. A tentative conclusion, based on the overall pattern of results, is that (1) arousal increased by hearing a name, regardless of its self-relevance, and (2) hearing less self-relevant stimuli such as other’s name had a distractive effect on ongoing task performance, although it increased arousal, being aware that further experiments are urgently necessary.

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Conjoint influence of mind-wandering and sleepiness on task performance.

Cited by 40 publications

References 107 publications

Tracking arousal state and mind wandering with pupillometry

Tracking arousal state and mind wandering with pupillometry

Fluid intelligence and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system

Hearing own or other’s name has different effects on monotonous task performance

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