Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) promotes endurance capacity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ-mediated mechanism in mice

Kim, Yoo; Kim, Dae-Young; Park, Yeonhwa

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.08.005

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A host of ingredients have been linked to improvements in cell signaling that could then trigger mitochondrial biogenesis. These include, but are not limited to the catechins epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate, polyphenols such as resveratrol and quercetin, caffeine (reviewed in [10, 92]), and conjugated linoleic acid [93]. Although there are some promising results, especially in animal models, translation to healthy trained athletes is often problematic.…”

Section: Nutritional Training: Specific Goals Require Specific Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodized Nutrition for Athletes

2017

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It is becoming increasingly clear that adaptations, initiated by exercise, can be amplified or reduced by nutrition. Various methods have been discussed to optimize training adaptations and some of these methods have been subject to extensive study. To date, most methods have focused on skeletal muscle, but it is important to note that training effects also include adaptations in other tissues (e.g., brain, vasculature), improvements in the absorptive capacity of the intestine, increases in tolerance to dehydration, and other effects that have received less attention in the literature. The purpose of this review is to define the concept of periodized nutrition (also referred to as nutritional training) and summarize the wide variety of methods available to athletes. The reader is referred to several other recent review articles that have discussed aspects of periodized nutrition in much more detail with primarily a focus on adaptations in the muscle. The purpose of this review is not to discuss the literature in great detail but to clearly define the concept and to give a complete overview of the methods available, with an emphasis on adaptations that are not in the muscle. Whilst there is good evidence for some methods, other proposed methods are mere theories that remain to be tested. ‘Periodized nutrition’ refers to the strategic combined use of exercise training and nutrition, or nutrition only, with the overall aim to obtain adaptations that support exercise performance. The term nutritional training is sometimes used to describe the same methods and these terms can be used interchangeably. In this review, an overview is given of some of the most common methods of periodized nutrition including ‘training low’ and ‘training high’, and training with low- and high-carbohydrate availability, respectively. ‘Training low’ in particular has received considerable attention and several variations of ‘train low’ have been proposed. ‘Training-low’ studies have generally shown beneficial effects in terms of signaling and transcription, but to date, few studies have been able to show any effects on performance. In addition to ‘train low’ and ‘train high’, methods have been developed to ‘train the gut’, train hypohydrated (to reduce the negative effects of dehydration), and train with various supplements that may increase the training adaptations longer term. Which of these methods should be used depends on the specific goals of the individual and there is no method (or diet) that will address all needs of an individual in all situations. Therefore, appropriate practical application lies in the optimal combination of different nutritional training methods. Some of these methods have already found their way into training practices of athletes, even though evidence for their efficacy is sometimes scarce at best. Many pragmatic questions remain unanswered and another goal of this review is to identify some of the remaining questions that may have great practical relevance and should be the focus of future research.

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Section: Nutritional Training: Specific Goals Require Specific Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodized Nutrition for Athletes

2017

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“…While CLA isomers possess different biological effects, the t10,c12 CLA isomer was identified as the active isomer for body‐fat reduction and increase in lean mass (Park, Storkson, et al, ). Since CLA led to increased lean body mass, the bioactivities of CLA supplementation may be linked to promoting mitochondrial metabolism (Bhattacharya, Rahman, McCarter, O'Shea, & Fernandes, ; Javadi et al, ; Kim, Kim, & Park, ).…”

Section: Dietary Fatty Acids On Mitochondrial Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, postweaning CLA supplementation activated mitochondrial biogenesis‐related markers, AMPK, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor delta (PPARδ), PGC1α, and TFAM, in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle in mice (Kim, Kim, Good, & Park, ). Moreover, CLA promoted endurance exercise capacity through the PPARδ‐mediated mechanism in mice (Kim, Kim, & Park, ) and this effect was associated with the t10,c12 isomer (Kim et al, ). Consistently, the t10,c12 CLA isomer stimulated glucose uptake by modulating Ca 2+ /calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), an upstream regulator of AMPK, in skeletal muscle cells ( Mohankumar, Taylor, Siemens, & Zahradka, ).…”

Section: Dietary Fatty Acids On Mitochondrial Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria to Obesity, Exercise, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Chen

Yang

Park

2018

Lipids

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Mitochondria intricately modulate their energy production through the control of mitochondrial adaptation (mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and/or fission) to meet energy demands. Nutrient overload may result in dysregulated mitochondrial biogenesis, morphology toward mitochondrial fragmentation, and oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle. In addition, physical activity and diet components influence mitochondrial function. Exercise may stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and promote mitochondrial fusion/fission in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, some dietary fatty acids, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid, have been identified to positively regulate mitochondrial adaptation in the skeletal muscle. This review discusses the association of mitochondrial impairments and obesity, and presents an overview of various mechanisms of which exercise training and mitochondrial nutrients promote mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle.

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“…The simplest and most effective way to increase the CLA content of animal products is to regulate dietary formulations, such as adding oils and fats to animal diets. The first described bioactive benefit of CLA was reported in 1987; since then, more beneficial activities of CLA have been found, such as having anticancer, anti-obesity and anti-oxidation effects (Kim et al 2016b). As for the mechanism of action of CLA, the results suggest that CLA reduces the lipid accumulation in adipocytes by reducing the pre-differentiation and fat uptake of adipocytes and increasing the decomposition and apoptosis of adipocytes (Kim et al 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical indexes of male sika deer (Cervus nippon)

Bao

Wang

et al. 2021

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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ContextConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is very important for animals and humans. CLA has many important biological functions, such as reducing fat and increasing muscle, antioxidation, improving immunity and so on. CLA requirements for deer have not been established.AimsA single-factor test was conducted to evaluate the effects of CLA supplementation on male sika deer.MethodsSixteen deer were divided in four groups (from G0 to G3) of four animals, each according to their bodyweight. Deer in G0 were fed a basal diet without CLA supplementation. Deer in G1, G2 and G3 were fed diets supplemented with CLA at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0%. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical indexes were measured.Key resultsThe results suggested that the average daily gain of deer increased with conjugated linoleic acid supplementation (P<0.05); maximal growth performance was seen in G2. The average daily feed intake showed differences among the treatments (P<0.01). The highest average daily feed intake was observed in Group G2. Feed to gain ratio (F:G) in Groups G1, G2 and G3 was different from that in Group G0 (P<0.01). The digestibility of crude protein and ether extract was increased by conjugated linoleic acid concentrations (P<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activity showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in Groups G2 and G3, compared with Group G0. There were significant differences in cholesterol between G1 and G2 groups (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe results indicated that conjugated linoleic acid supplementation to diet plays a positive role in the growth of sika deer.ImplicationsThis experiment has shown the effects of dietary supplementation with CLA in sika deer breeding. It has layed a good foundation for the application of CLA supplementation in sika deer industry to promote the healthy development of sika deer breeding industry.

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Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) promotes endurance capacity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ-mediated mechanism in mice

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Periodized Nutrition for Athletes

Periodized Nutrition for Athletes

Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria to Obesity, Exercise, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical indexes of male sika deer (Cervus nippon)

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