Conjugated linoleic acids and octadecenoic acids: Analysis by GC

Kramer, J. K. G.; Cruz‐Hernandez, Cristina; Zhou, Jianqiang

doi:10.1002/1438-9312(200109)103:9<600::aid-ejlt6000>3.0.co;2-7

Cited by 85 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Fatty acid methyl esters FAME were obtained according to Christie Operating conditions included injector and detector temperatures both at 250 , H 2 as the carrier gas 1 mL/min , and for the flame-ionization detector 35 mL/min , N 2 as the makeup gas 30 mL/min , and purified air 286 mL/ min . The FAME were identified by comparison with 4 FAME reference standards Supelco37 mix #47885-U, linoleic acid isomers mix #47791, CLA isomers mix #05632; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, and Nu-Chek GLC-463 ; minor trans-18:1 isomers were identified according to their elution order reported under the same chromatographic conditions 24,25 . The fatty acid composition of experimental diets was expressed as a weight percentage of total fatty acids using theoretical relative response factors described by Wolff 26 .…”

Section: Dietary Treatments and Design Experimentalmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA Mixture does not Change Body Composition, Induces Insulin Resistance and Increases Serum HDL Cholesterol Level in Rats

et al. 2015

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Synthetic supplements of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) containing 50:50 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers have been commercialized in some places for reducing body fat. However the safety of this CLA mixture is controversial and in some countries the CLA usage as food supplement is not authorized. Changes in insulinemic control and serum lipids profile are potential negative effects related to consumption of CLA mixture. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a diet containing mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA on prevention of obesity risk as well as on potential side effects such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in Wistar rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following dietary treatments (n=10/group), for 60 days: Normolipidic Control (NC), diet containing 4.0% soybean oil (SO); High Fat-Control (HF-C), diet containing 24.0% SO; High Fat-synthetic CLA (HF-CLA), diet containing 1.5% of an isomeric CLA mixture (Luta-CLA 60) and 22.5% SO. Luta-CLA 60 (BASF) contained nearly 60% of CLA (cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA at 50:50 ratio). The HF-CLA diet contained 0.3% of each CLA isomer. HF-CLA diet had no effect on dietary intake and body composition. HF-CLA-fed rats had lower levels of PPARγ protein in retroperitoneal adipose tissue, hyperinsulinemia compared to HF-C-fed rats, hyperglycemia compared to NC-fed rats while no differences in glycemia were observed between NC and HF-C groups, increased HOMA index and higher levels of serum HDL cholesterol. Thus, feeding rats with a high fat diet containing equal parts of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers had no effect on body composition and induced insulin resistance. Despite HF-CLA-fed rats had increased serum HDL cholesterol levels, caution should be taken before synthetic supplements containing cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA are recommended as a nutritional strategy for weight management.

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Section: Dietary Treatments and Design Experimentalmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA Mixture does not Change Body Composition, Induces Insulin Resistance and Increases Serum HDL Cholesterol Level in Rats

et al. 2015

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“…The FAME were identified by comparing three FAME references (Supelco37 mix # 47885-U, linoleic acid isomers mix # 47791, and CLA isomers mix # 05632; Sigma Aldrich, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil). The cis/trans-18:1 isomers were identified according to their order of elution reported under the same chromatographic conditions (Kramer et al, 2001;Cruz-Hernandez et al, 2007).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk fat depression and energy balance in stall-fed dairy goats supplemented with increasing doses of conjugated linoleic acid methyl esters

Fernandes

Gama

Ribeiro

et al. 2014

Animal

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Feeding dietary supplements containing trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12-CLA) has been shown to induce milk fat depression in cows, ewes and goats. However, the magnitude of the response is apparently less pronounced in lactating goats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of CLA methyl esters (CLA-ME) on milk production, composition and fatty-acid profile of dairy goats. Eight Toggenburg goats were separated in two groups (four primiparous and four multiparous) and received the following dietary treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design: CLA0: 45 g/day of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA); CLA15; 30 g/day of CSFA + 15 g/day of CLA-ME; CLA30: 15 g/day of CSFA + 30 g/day of CLA-ME; and CLA45: 45 g/day of CLA-ME. The CLA-ME supplement (Luta-CLA 60) contained 29.9% of t10,c12-CLA; therefore, the dietary treatments provided 0, 4.48, 8.97 and 13.45 g/day of t10,c12-CLA, respectively. Feed intake, milk production, concentration and secretion of milk protein and lactose, body condition score and body weight were unaffected by the dietary treatments. Milk fat secretion was reduced by 14.9%, 30.8% and 40.5%, whereas milk fat concentration was decreased by 17.2%, 33.1% and 40.7% in response to CLA15, CLA30 and CLA45, respectively. Secretions of both de novo synthesized and preformed fatty acids were progressively reduced as the CLA dose increased, but the magnitude of the inhibition was greater for the former. There was a linear reduction in most milk fat desaturase indexes (14:1/14:0, 16:1/16:0, 17:1/17:0 and 18:1/18:0). Milk fat t10,c12-CLA concentration and secretion increased with the CLA dose, and its apparent transfer efficiency from diet to milk was 1.18%, 1.17% and 1.21% for CLA15, CLA30 and CLA45 treatments, respectively. The estimated energy balance was linearly improved in goats fed CLA.

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“…This probable overestimation of c9t11-18:2 flows in many publications could stem from a combination of factors: c9t11-18:2 was the only CLA isomer studied by many authors, the discrimination between chromatographic peaks was better in recent publications, and what appeared before as c9t11-18:2 was probably the coelution of several isomers and other FA like C21:0 (Kramer et al, 2001): 'c9t11-18:2' represented a mean of 12% of total 18:2 in publications reporting only this isomer, v. 2% in publications reporting other 18:2 isomers.…”

Section: Models Of Duodenal Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestion of fatty acids in ruminants: a meta-analysis of flows and variation factors: 2. C18 fatty acids

Glasser

Schmidely

Sauvant

et al. 2008

Animal

104

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In ruminants, dietary lipids are extensively hydrogenated by rumen micro-organisms, and the extent of this biohydrogenation is a major determinant of long-chain fatty acid profiles of animal products (milk, meat). This paper reports on the duodenal flows of C18 fatty acids and their absorption in the small intestine, using a meta-analysis of a database of 77 experiments (294 treatments). We established equations for the prediction of duodenal flows of various 18-carbon (C18) fatty acids as a function of the intakes of their precursors and other dietary factors (source and/or technological treatment of dietary lipids). We also quantified the influence of several factors modifying rumen metabolism (pH, forage : concentrate ratio, level of intake, fish oil supplementation). We established equations for the apparent absorption of these fatty acids in the small intestine as a function of their duodenal flows. For all C18 unsaturated fatty acids, apparent absorption was a linear function of duodenal flow. For 18:0, apparent absorption levelled off for high duodenal flows. From this database, with fatty acid flows expressed in g/kg dry matter intake, we could not find any significant differences between animal categories (lactating cows, other cattle or sheep) in terms of rumen metabolism or intestinal absorption of C18 fatty acids.

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Conjugated linoleic acids and octadecenoic acids: Analysis by GC

Cited by 85 publications

References 35 publications

<i>Cis</i>-9, <i>trans</i>-11 and <i>trans</i>-10, <i>cis</i>-12 CLA Mixture does not Change Body Composition, Induces Insulin Resistance and Increases Serum HDL Cholesterol Level in Rats

<i>Cis</i>-9, <i>trans</i>-11 and <i>trans</i>-10, <i>cis</i>-12 CLA Mixture does not Change Body Composition, Induces Insulin Resistance and Increases Serum HDL Cholesterol Level in Rats

Milk fat depression and energy balance in stall-fed dairy goats supplemented with increasing doses of conjugated linoleic acid methyl esters

Digestion of fatty acids in ruminants: a meta-analysis of flows and variation factors: 2. C18 fatty acids

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