Conjugated Octadecadienoic Acids of Milk Fat

Parodi, Peter W.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(77)84068-x

Cited by 194 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Indeed, biohydrogenation of linolenic acid (C 18:3 n-3) does not refer to the conjugated form of this acid (Harfood and Hazlewood, 1988), however, trans-11-oleic acid is produced during hydrogenation of linolenic acid, and, in turn, may be transformed endogenously in the presence of 5-9 desaturase into conjugated linoleic acid (C 18:2, CLA) (Griinari et al, 1997). Conjugated linoleic acid (C 18:2, CLA) has recently been thought to be a factor inhibiting some types of cancer (Parodi, 1997). The higher content of eicisenoic acid (C 20:1) in the tissue of bulls fed rapeseed cake and oil was probably caused by the nearly seven times higher concentration of this acid (2.2%) compared with linseed (0.29%), however, elongation of oleic acid (C 18:1) in the tissues can not be excluded, either (Rule et al, 1994;Kennelly, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and meat quality of fattening bulls fed complete feed with rapeseed oil cake or linseed

Stasiniewicz¹,

Strzetelski²,

Kowalczyk³

et al. 2000

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The experiment was carried out on 44 Black-and-White Lowland bulls divided into 4 groups and fattened from 155 to 540 kg body weight to investigate the effect of feeding rapeseed oil cake or linseed on bull performance and meat quality. The animals were fed ad libitum a basic complete feed and barley straw (control group) or with similar amounts of supplement fat as linseed, rapeseed oil cake, or rape seed oil. At the end of the experiment 6 animals of each group were slaugh-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and meat quality of fattening bulls fed complete feed with rapeseed oil cake or linseed

Stasiniewicz¹,

Strzetelski²,

Kowalczyk³

et al. 2000

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…O isômero principal de CLA na gordura do leite de vacas é o cis-9, trans-11, que representa 80 a 90% do CLA total (Parodi, 1977;Sehat et al, 1999) e consiste no isômero predominante na carne de ruminantes, porém em menor quantidade que a encontrada no leite (Bauman et al, 1999). Tanaka (2005) sugere diferentes mecanismos pelos quais os CLA poderiam atuar como anticarcinogênicos, antioxidantes, preventivos do colesterol, melhoristas da resposta imune, da diabetes, do metabolismo ósseo, promotores do crescimento e redutores do acúmulo de gordura corporal.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça de novilhas alimentadas com diferentes fontes energéticas em dietas à base de cascas de algodão e de soja

et al. 2008

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar as características de carcaça e a composição físico-química e de ácidos graxos do músculo Longissimus de novilhas em confinamento alimentadas com cascas de algodão (CAL) e de soja (CSO) como volumosos e com diferentes fontes energéticas, como milho moído, farelo de gérmen de milho (FGM) ou farelo de arroz integral (FAR). Foram utilizadas 24 novilhas mestiças com peso corporal de abate de 350 ± 35 kg, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos (dietas) e oito repetições (animais). As novilhas foram abatidas após jejum de sólidos de 24 horas. As carcaças foram identificadas, pesadas e armazenadas em câmara fria a 2 o C até a manhã seguinte para as avaliações de carcaça. Os animais alimentados com as dietas experimentais não diferiram quanto às características de carcaça; os valores médios de rendimento de carcaça quente foram de 51,4%, os de área de olho-de-lombo, 50,8 cm 2 , e os de espessura de gordura de cobertura, 3,3 mm. As dietas também não influenciaram a composição físico-química do músculo Longissimus, que apresentou em média 73,4% de umidade, 23,0% de PB, 48,2 mg/100g de colesterol e 4,84 kgf/cm 3 de força de cisalhamento.Animais alimentados com a dieta FGM apresentaram maiores concentrações de CLA (0,48%), trans-vacênico (7,69%) e pior razão ômega 6/ômega 3 no músculo Longissimus, em virtude da maior quantidade de ácido linoléico desta dieta. Animais alimentados com a dieta FAR apresentaram maior concentração de ácido esteárico no músculo Longissimus, provavelmente em razão do maior conteúdo de ácido oléico desta dieta em relação às demais.Palavras-chave: ácido linoléico conjugado, ácido trans-vacênico, características de carcaça, composição de ácidos graxos, força de cisalhamento Quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics of heifers fed different energy sources on a cottonseed hulls and soybean hulls based dietABSTRACT -This work was carried out to evaluate carcass characteristics, physicochemical and fatty acids compositions of Longissimus muscle from feedlot heifers fed cottonseed hulls (CSH) and soybean hulls (SBH) as forage, and different energy sources: ground corn (COR), corn germ meal (CGM) or whole rice meal (WRM). Twenty-four crossbred heifers (initial body weight of 350 ± 35 kg) were allocated in a completely randomized design into three treatments (diets) and eight replications (animals). Heifers were slaughtered after a 24-hour fasting period. Carcasses were identified, weighed and stored in a cold chamber at 2ºC until following morning in order to perform carcass evaluations. The animals fed the experimental diets did not differ as carcass characteristics, the average values for hot carcass dressing were 51.4%, the loin eye area, 50.8 cm 2 , and fat thickness, 3.3 mm. The diets also did not influenced the physicochemical composition of Longissimus muscle, which showed 73.4% of moisture, 23.0% CP, 48.2 mg/100 g of cholesterol and 4.84 kgf/cm 3 of shear force. Animals fed with CGM diet showed higher concentrations of CLA...

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“…The most abundant CLA isomers in nature are 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid (9c,11t-CLA) and 10-trans,12-cis-octadecadienoic acid (10t,12c-CLA). CLA is present mainly in the fats of ruminant milk and meat, where 9c,11t-CLA predominates (Parodi 1977;Chin et al 1992;Fritsche et al 1999;Griinari & Bauman 1999). Hence, the proposed trivial name for the 9c,11t-CLA is rumenic acid (Kramer et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoxidation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Ester in the Presence of α‐Tocopherol: The Hydroperoxide Pathway

Pajunen

Johansson

Hase

et al. 2008

Lipids

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The autoxidation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is poorly understood in spite of increasing interest in the beneficial biological properties of CLA and growing consumption of CLA-rich foods. In this thesis, the autoxidation reactions of the two major CLA isomers, 9-cis,11-transoctadecadienoic acid and 10-trans,12-cis-octadecadienoic acid, are investigated. The results contribute to an understanding of the early stages of the autoxidation of CLA methyl ester, and provide for the first time a means of producing and separating intact CLA methyl ester hydroperoxides as well as basic knowledge on lipid hydroperoxides and their hydroxy derivatives.Conjugated diene allylic monohydroperoxides were discovered as primary autoxidation products formed during autoxidation of CLA methyl esters in the presence and absence oftocopherol. This established that one of the autoxidation pathways of CLA methyl ester is the hydroperoxide pathway.Hydroperoxides were produced from the two major CLA methyl esters by taking advantage of the effect of -tocopherol to promote hydroperoxide formation. The hydroperoxides were analysed and separated first as methyl hydroxyoctadecadienoates and then as intact hydroperoxides by HPLC. The isolated products were characterized by UV, GC-MS, and NMR techniques. In the presence of a high amount of -tocopherol, the autoxidation of CLA methyl ester yields six kinetically-controlled conjugated diene monohydroperoxides and is diastereoselective in favour of one particular geometric isomer as a pair of enantiomers. The primary autoxidation products produced from the two major CLA isomers include new positional isomers of conjugated diene monohydroperoxides, the 8-, 10-, 12-, and 14-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoates. Furthermore, two of these new positional isomers have an unusual structure for a cis,trans lipid hydroperoxide where the allylic methine carbon is adjacent to the cis instead of the usual trans double bond.The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of nine isomeric methyl hydroxyoctadecadienoates and of ten isomeric methyl hydroperoxyoctadecadienoates including the unusual cis,trans hydroperoxides, i.e. Me 8-OOH-9c,11t and Me 14-OOH-10t,12c, were fully assigned with the aid of 2D NMR spectroscopy. The assigned NMR data enabled determination of the effects of the hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl groups on the carbon chemical shifts of CLA isomers, identification of diagnostic signals, and determination of chemical shift differences of the olefinic resonances that may help with the assignment of structure to as yet unknown lipid hydroperoxides either as hydroxy derivatives or as intact hydroperoxides.A mechanism for the hydroperoxide pathway of CLA autoxidation in the presence of a high amount of -tocopherol was proposed based on the characterized primary products, their relative distribution, and theoretical calculations. This is an important step forward in CLA research, where exact mechanisms for the autoxidation of CLA have not been presented before. Knowledge of these hydroperoxide formation steps is of cr...

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Conjugated Octadecadienoic Acids of Milk Fat

Cited by 194 publications

References 14 publications

Performance and meat quality of fattening bulls fed complete feed with rapeseed oil cake or linseed

Performance and meat quality of fattening bulls fed complete feed with rapeseed oil cake or linseed

Características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça de novilhas alimentadas com diferentes fontes energéticas em dietas à base de cascas de algodão e de soja

Autoxidation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Ester in the Presence of α‐Tocopherol: The Hydroperoxide Pathway

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