Conjugated Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes

Jadoun, Sapana; Riaz, Ufana

doi:10.1002/9781119654643.ch4

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Poly-3-alkylthiophenes (P3ATs) have been intensively investigated and developed for use in various organic electronic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes [ 1 ], organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], and organic field-effect transistors [ 7 , 8 ], because of their easy deposition from solution onto various types of substrates and low preparation cost [ 9 ]. In OPVs, the polymer is known to be an effective semiconducting material with a relatively high hole mobility [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] and self-assembly capacity [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Weight-Dependent Physical and Photovoltaic Properties of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with Butyl, Hexyl, and Octyl Side-Chains

Nguyen

Song

et al. 2021

Polymers

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A series of poly-3-alkylthiophenes (P3ATs) with butyl (P3BT), hexyl (P3HT), and octyl (P3OT) sidechains and well-defined molecular weights (MWs) were synthesized using Grignard metathesis polymerization. The MWs of P3HTs and P3OTs obtained via gel permeation chromatography agreed well with the calculated MWs ranging from approximately 10 to 70 kDa. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the crystalline melting temperature increased with increasing MWs and decreasing alkyl side-chain length, whereas the crystallinity of the P3ATs increased with the growth of MWs. An MW-dependent red shift was observed in the UV–Vis and photoluminiscence spectra of the P3ATs in solution, which might be a strong evidence for the extended effective conjugation occurring in polymers with longer chain lengths. The photoluminescence quantum yields of pristine films in all polymers were lower than those of the diluted solutions, whereas they were higher than those of the phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester-blended films. The UV–Vis spectra of the films showed fine structures with pronounced red shifts, and the interchain interaction-induced features were weakly dependent on the MW but significantly dependent on the alkyl side-chain length. The photovoltaic device performances of the P3BT and P3HT samples significantly improved upon blending with a fullerene derivative and subsequent annealing, whereas those of P3OTs mostly degraded, particularly after annealing. The optimal power conversion efficiencies of P3BT, P3HT, and P3OT were 2.4%, 3.6%, and 1.5%, respectively, after annealing with MWs of ~11, ~39, and ~38 kDa, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Weight-Dependent Physical and Photovoltaic Properties of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with Butyl, Hexyl, and Octyl Side-Chains

Nguyen

Song

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…The most important characteristics of conducting polymers, to make it suitable candidate for electronic devices, are low cost [120], flexible [121], solution processable [122][123][124][125][126] and foremost non toxic [127][128][129]. Therefore as far as device applications are concerned, the conducting polymers (CPs) have tremendous role in different fields including sensors [130][131][132][133], solar cells [134,135], batteries [136], organic light emitting diodes (OLED) [69,137,138], electromagnetic shielding [139,140] and thermoelectric power generators [141][142][143][144]. Normally like molecular semiconductors the application of CPs, in various electronic devices, is determined by their electrical properties and in this connection, tailoring of electrical conductivity is the most targeted feature.…”

Section: Conducting Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Beam Induced Tailoring of Electrical Characteristics of Organic Semiconductor Films

et al. 2020

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Tailoring the characteristics of organic semiconductors including molecular semiconductor and conducting polymers is the frontline area of research for improving the performance of organic electronic devices. Electron beam treatment has been established as one of the easiest method in comparison to others like chemical doping, thermal processing, ozonolysis, UV and other ionizing radiation treatment, to tune the physico-chemical properties of organic semiconductors. High energy electron beam (EB) generated from an accelerators impinges energy to the material and causes several phenomena including doping, crosslinking, chain degradation, gas evolution, molecular structural modifications, oxidation and unsaturation. Such modifications lead to variation in electrical characteristics and consequently affect the overall device performances. In the present review we have focused on the different interaction processes of EB with organic semiconductors and its implications to tailor the performance of device comprising of it mainly gas sensors, field effect transistors, thermoelectric power generators and radiation dosimeters.

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“…Fusing multiple functional aromatics into a polycyclic aromatic core readily affords new building blocks for πconjugated polymers with extended π-planes that increase electron delocalization and stacked interchain interactions and thus improve charge transfer. 18 For instance, fusing two benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTz) units to a naphthalene core provides a new strong acceptor naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c′]bis [1,2,5]thiadiazole (NTz, Scheme 1). 19,20 NTz-based polymers exhibit better photovoltaic performance than BTz-based polymers because of the extended molecular plane along with other advantages.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semiconducting polymers have attracted much attention because of their various applications in the field of organic optoelectronics, such as organic light-emitting diodes, , organic field effect transistors, − and organic solar cells (OSCs). − One of the appealing advantages of semiconducting polymers is their tunable properties, such as the optical absorption, molecular energy levels, and carrier mobility in thin films. − The most efficient strategy for tailoring these properties is integrating alternating donor (D) and acceptor (A) units along the backbone to form D–A copolymers . In D–A copolymers, the electronic properties and morphologies in thin films, and thereby their light-harvesting and charge transport properties, are highly dependent on the chemical and electronic structures of the D and A units as well as the way that the units are combined. − Therefore, designing D and A building blocks is critical for developing high-performance polymers for optoelectronic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triphenyleno[1,2-c:7,8-c′]bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) as a V-Shaped Electron-Deficient Unit to Construct Wide-Bandgap Amorphous Polymers for Efficient Organic Solar Cells

Chen

Nakano

Kaji

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The backbone shape of semiconducting polymers strongly affects their electronic properties and morphologies in films, yet the conventional design principle for building blocks focuses on using linear main chains to maintain high crystallinity. Here, we developed a V-shaped unit, triphenyleno[1,2-c:7,8-c′]bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) (TPTz), featuring two 1,2,5-thiadiazole rings fused to a triphenylene core with strong electron-withdrawing properties and an extended conjugation plane. We used TPTz to prepare a highly soluble copolymer, PTPTz–indacenodithiophene (IDT), which exhibited a wide bandgap of 1.94 eV and energy levels suitable for the donor polymer in organic solar cells (OSCs) in combination with non-fullerene acceptors. Despite the amorphous nature of the polymer film, single-junction OSCs with PTPTz–IDT:Y6 as the active layer achieved a power conversion efficiency of 10.4% (J SC = 19.8 mA cm–2; V OC = 0.80 V; fill factor = 0.66), which is the highest value reported for a single-junction OSC with IDT-based donor polymers. This work demonstrates that TPTz is a promising electron-acceptor unit for developing functional polymers with zigzag structures.

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Conjugated Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes

Cited by 18 publications

References 110 publications

Molecular Weight-Dependent Physical and Photovoltaic Properties of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with Butyl, Hexyl, and Octyl Side-Chains

Molecular Weight-Dependent Physical and Photovoltaic Properties of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with Butyl, Hexyl, and Octyl Side-Chains

Electron Beam Induced Tailoring of Electrical Characteristics of Organic Semiconductor Films

Triphenyleno[1,2-c:7,8-c′]bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) as a V-Shaped Electron-Deficient Unit to Construct Wide-Bandgap Amorphous Polymers for Efficient Organic Solar Cells

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