Conjugating heparin, Arg–Glu–Asp–Val peptide, and anti-CD34 to the silanic Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy for better endothelialization

Abstract

<jats:p> Magnesium alloy is generally accepted as a potential cardiovascular stent material due to its good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, and has become one of the research hotspots in this field. However, too fast degradation rate and delayed surface endothelialization have been the bottleneck of further application of magnesium alloy stent. In this study, we selected Mg–Zn–Y–Nd, a kind of biodegradable magnesium alloy for cardiovascular stent, and passivated its surface by alkali heat treatment and silane treatment to improve the corrosion resistance, subsequently conjugated Arg–Glu–Asp–Val (REDV) peptide and anti-CD34 to promote endothelial cells adhesion and capture endothelial progenitor cells respectively, further improving surface endothelialization. In addition, the heparin was also immobilized to the Mg–Zn–Y–Nd surface for the consideration of anti-coagulation and anti-inflammation. Systematic material characterization and biological evaluation show that we have successfully developed this composite surface on Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy, and achieved multiple functions such as corrosion resistance, promoting endothelialization, and inhibiting platelet/macrophage adhesion. </jats:p>

Advances in coatings on magnesium alloys for cardiovascular stents – A review

“…Furthermore, HR tests revealed that LDH/PDA/Hep coating had a low HR (0.65%) in vitro, implying that heparinization was a promising strategy to enhance the hemocompatibility of samples. Li et al [ 242 ] conjugated the Hep molecule, the Arg–Glu–Asp–Val peptide (REDV, which is a tetrapeptide derived from fibronectin that can be specifically recognized by α 4 β 1 integrin on the surface of ECs [ 243 ]), and an anti-CD 34 antibody (CD 34 is a highly glycosylated type I transmembrane glycoprotein that interacts with anti-CD 34 antibodies and is an important way to promote EPC-targeted adhesion/capture [ 244 , 245 ]) on a silane-treated ZE21B alloy, for improving surface endothelialization. A blood compatibility test suggested that multi-functional coating effectively restrained platelet adhesion/activation and reduced the HR (<5%).…”

Feasibility and Efficacy of a Degradable Magnesium‐Alloy GBR Membrane for Bone Augmentation in a Distal Bone‐Defect Model in Beagle Dogs

“…Alloying with other elements and surface modification are the most commonly used methods to control the degradation rate [ 23 ]. After alloying with REEs, the Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy used in our study not only improved its anticorrosion resistance, but also maintained its good biocompatibility and clinical applicability, which has been demonstrated in various in vitro and in vivo studies [ 24 – 26 ]. In addition, there was a uniform coating on the surface of the material, the main components of which were MgF 2 and Mg (OH) 2 (Figures 3 and 4 ).…”

Tailoring ZE21B Alloy with Nature-Inspired Extracellular Matrix Secreted by Micro-Patterned Smooth Muscle Cells and Endothelial Cells to Promote Surface Biocompatibility

“…At the 4 h, 24 h, and 72 h after cultured using the extracts, the HUVECs were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma) at RT and stained with rhodamine and DAPI, and observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM, Nikon C2 Plus, Tokyo, Japan) [ 49 ]. The viability and nitric oxide (NO) release of HUVECs were detected by a typical ELISA method and calculated according to the previous study [ 50 , 51 ].…”