Conjunctival, Scleral and Corneal Complications in Vitreoretinal Surgery

Abstract

Vitreoretinal surgery has been associated with corneal, conjunctival and scleral complications. These complications may cover corneal epithelial and endothelial cells damage (epithelial defects, neurotrophic and band keratopathy, refractive error changes, corneal decompansation etc.), ocular surface disease, early hypotonia, diplopia, strabismus, subconjunctival silicone oil, episcleral pigmentation, infection and inflammation etc. Risk factors may include a history of the previous ocular surgery, aphakia and pseudophakia, prolonged duration of surgery, intraoperative epithelial debridement, intraoperative lensectomy, diabetic patients, use of adjunctive intraocular long-acting expansile gases or silicone oil, use of scleral buckling, sutureless sclerotomy incisions etc. These complications should be known and noticed due to affect visual outcomes and healing of patients. Corneal, conjunctival and scleral complications are summarized in this article.