Conjunctival tattoo with inadvertent ocular globe penetration and vitreous involvement: Clinico-pathological correlation and scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis

Rodríguez-Avila, J Oswaldo; Valles-Valles, Dolores Ríos y; Hernández-Ayuso, Ivette; Rodríguez-Reyes, Abelardo; Cantón, Virgilio Morales; Cernichiaro-Espinosa, Linda A.

doi:10.1177/1120672119850076

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Traditional tattoo inks, when inadvertently injected inside the anterior chamber or vitreous, can cause devastating injury to the eye and its structures including uveitis, corneal endothelial failure, secondary glaucoma, retinal detachments, infection, and loss of eye. 9 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 From our literature review, 10/14 (71%) cases previously reported were complicated by inadvertent globe puncture, and these cases had more serious visual consequences, especially if ink was injected while inside the eye. In cases without globe puncture, less serious side effects tend to occur and are likely related to hypersensitivity of the conjunctiva to the ink itself and include irritation and conjunctival chemosis as in our cases and others, as well as episcleral nodules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…26 Although there have already been reports of immediate anterior uveitis after scleral tattooing, there have been no reports of an uncomplicated scleral tattooing presenting with delayed tattoo-associated uveitis so it is unknown whether the proximity of the ink may increase this risk. 13 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These range from the less serious surface irritation and conjunctivitis to the more serious uveitis, glaucoma, and endophthalmitis requiring enucleation. 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 A literature review summary of all the previously reported cases of scleral tattooing and their complications are presented in Table 1 . Although this is a relatively new procedure, the dangerous nature of scleral tattooing has already been recognized and specific legislation preventing the procedure is now in place in at least four states including Oklahoma, Nebraska, Indiana, and Georgia (Okla. Stat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… No 20/100 Had persistent elevations of IOP even after initial washout and required trabeculectomy. Cruz et al 12 1 28 M Brazil Blue Unknown Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis No No 20/25 Managed with topical drops only Oswaldo Rodriguez-Avila et al 13 1 32 M Mexico Red Tattoo ink Inadvertent globe penetration Yes - pars plana vitrectomy no 20/80 Scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis of the tattoo red ink revealed significant signals of iron, barium, and copper. Ng et al 14 1 34 M UK White Fibracolor Finger Paint Inadvertent globe puncture Yes - open globe repair, lensectomy, then subsequent inferior scleral melt requiring sclero-corneal patch graft, amniotic membrane grafting, eventually penetrating keratoplasty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two cases of pen ink scleral tattoos and a brief review of the literature

Rohl¹,

Christopher²,

Ifantides

2021

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

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Purpose Scleral tattooing, also known as episcleral, subconjunctival, or simply eyeball tattooing, is a relatively new form of extreme body modification that first emerged in 2007. There are few reports of the management of these tattoos in the medical literature, and we aim to increase the body of knowledge surrounding this rare and potentially dangerous practice. Observations We present two new cases of improvised scleral tattooing, both performed in prison using pen ink and insulin needles, and both with minimal complications and managed with topical medications. A brief review of the literature is included which details the dangers of scleral tattooing. Conclusions and importance We discuss management of complications for this new, previously unreported method of scleral tattooing using pen ink. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the presentation, possible complications, and management of these cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Two cases of pen ink scleral tattoos and a brief review of the literature

Rohl¹,

Christopher²,

Ifantides

2021

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

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“…Rodríguez-Avila и соавт. сообщили о случае проникновения пигмента в строму роговицы, при этом острота зрения в описанном случае была сохранена только благодаря тому, что пигмент остался в зоне средней периферии и не затронул центр роговицы [14].…”

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Diseases of the Ocular Surface Associated with Eyelid Makeup and Eyelash Extensions. Clinical Examples

et al. 2019

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The environmental factors influence, quite often, negatively affects the state of health. Many of them, such as smoking, deterioration in ecology, uncontrolled alcohol intake, are in detail studied in terms of harm to a human body. Nevertheless, new technologies which action is insufficiently studied, are actively introduced into modern life. So, the use of cosmetology procedures can be a striking example. Now the prevalence of such procedures as eyelash extension, a permanent make-up a century, botulotoxin injections in a periorbital zone, assumes a wide scale. In foreign and domestic literature there are more and more messages about development of the complications which arose owing to use of the above-stated procedures. There are two clinical examples from our practice in this article. They demonstrate the complications which arose after holding a procedure of eyelash extension — acute toxic-allergic conjunctivitis and after a permanent make-up — a chemical burn of a cornea. In these clinical cases of a complication arose due to aggressive action of a chemical basis of the glue applied at eyelash extension and cream-anesthetic which is applied on eyelids before a permanent make-up a century. Treatment of patients included antiinflammatory, antihistaminic, antibacterial therapy and also a long course of the tear replacement therapy applied as keratoproteсtive therapy and for prevention of development of a dry eye syndrome. Considering scales of prevalence of cosmetology procedures in recent years, it is necessary to inform specialists and patients on potential risk of development of the complications connected with the above-stated procedures. The clinical examples given in the article and literature data, demonstrate that in case of cosmetology procedures complications it is necessary to carry out timely rendering the qualified medical ophthalmologic care. It is connected with the fact that, quite often, the cosmetology manipulations, even positioned as harmless, in particular, a permanent make-up of eyelid and eyelash extension can lead to heavy complications, up to vision loss.

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Augapfeltätowierungen oder „eyeball tattoos“. Ein neuer extremer Trend der Körpermodifikation

et al. 2022

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Zusammenfassung Einführung Augapfeltätowierungen („eyeball tattoos“, syn. episklerale Tätowierungen) sind ein neuer Trend extremer „body modification“, bei dem mit einer Nadel Tätowierfarbe unter die Bindehaut injiziert wird und zu einer irreversiblen Färbung der Sklera führt. In der medizinischen Fachliteratur werden vermehrt Fallberichte vorgestellt, bei denen teils schwerwiegende Komplikationen aufgetreten sind. Material und Methoden Neben einer aktuellen Literaturreche zum Thema wurde eine Anfrage an 120 zufällig ausgewählte Tattoo-Studios in 6 europäischen Ländern gerichtet, ob sie Eyeball-Tätowierungen anbieten. Die Kommunikation wurde bei den Studios, die diese Frage positiv beantworteten, gezielt vertieft. Ziel war es, einen Eindruck zu Angebot und Nachfrage, der Aufklärung über Risiken, Häufigkeit und Art beobachteter Komplikationen, den Vorerfahrungen und ggf. zur medizinischen Ausbildung der Tätowierenden sowie zum organisatorischen und zum technischen Ablauf der eigentlichen Prozedur der episkleralen Tätowierung im jeweiligen Studio zu gewinnen. Auf Tattoo Conventions und über Foren in sozialen Medien wurden 6 Personen mit max. 7 Jahre alten Eyeball tattoos ausführlich zu ihren Erfahrungen vor, während und nach der Augapfeltätowierung befragt. Resultate Neun Studios teilten mit, Augapfeltätowierungen anzubieten bzw. durch Gasttätowierer organisieren zu können. Die restlichen 49 Studios lehnten diese Prozedur ab. Insgesamt 4 Studios schätzten die Häufigkeit der Prozedur auf 10- bis 20-mal/Jahr; die restlichen Studios gaben an, lediglich sporadische Anfragen zu erhalten. Durch ein Studio wurde der Fall einer schweren Komplikation in Form einer persistierenden anhaltenden Infektion mit initial reduziertem, später gebessertem Visus berichtet. Ein Tätowierer gab an, in ca. jedem 20. Fall Pigmentwanderungen in die periorbitalen Gewebe zu beobachten. Postprozedural wurden bis zu 2 Wochen andauernde Kopfschmerzen, anhaltendes Fremdkörpergefühl und Lichtempfindlichkeit beschrieben. Keine der interviewten Personen mit Eyeball tattoos habe eine bleibende Visusminderung bemerkt, eine beklagte Lichtscheu, eine weitere negative soziale Folgen. Ablehnungserfahrungen seien jedoch seltener als Zuspruch. Schlussfolgerung Episklerale Tätowierungen sind noch selten, nehmen aber stetig zu. Sie werden von Personen durchgeführt, die keine hinreichende medizinische Ausbildung besitzen und eintretende Komplikationen nicht ausreichend einschätzen können. Die im Interview berichtete Seltenheit schwerwiegender Komplikationen kontrastiert mit der Darstellung desaströser Folgen in den sozialen Medien, deren breite Präsenz jedoch auf redundanten Darstellungen einzelner Fälle beruhen kann. Andererseits sind die Angaben der Befürworter zu hinterfragen, weil sie womöglich aus geschäftlichen Überlegungen heraus oder aus Angst vor rechtlichen Konsequenzen Problemfälle unterschlagen oder deren Verläufe beschönigen. Die Diskussion, ob solche risikoreichen irreversiblen Body modifications verboten werden sollten, muss von anderer Stelle geführt werden.

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Conjunctival tattoo with inadvertent ocular globe penetration and vitreous involvement: Clinico-pathological correlation and scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Two cases of pen ink scleral tattoos and a brief review of the literature

Two cases of pen ink scleral tattoos and a brief review of the literature

Diseases of the Ocular Surface Associated with Eyelid Makeup and Eyelash Extensions. Clinical Examples

Augapfeltätowierungen oder „eyeball tattoos“. Ein neuer extremer Trend der Körpermodifikation

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