Connected Vehicles: Technology Review, State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract

In an effort to reach accident-free milestones or drastically reduce/eliminate road fatalities rates and traffic congestion and to create disruptive, transformational mobility systems and services, different parties (e.g., automakers, universities, governments, and road traffic regulators) have collaborated to research, develop, and test connected vehicle (CV) technologies. CVs create new data-rich environments and are considered key enablers for many applications and services that will make our roads safer, less congested, and more eco-friendly. A deeper understanding of the CV technologies will pave the way to avoid setbacks and will help in developing more innovative applications and breakthroughs. In the CV paradigm, vehicles become smarter by communicating with nearby vehicles, connected infrastructure, and the surroundings. This connectivity will be substantial to support different features and systems, such as adaptive routing, real-time navigation, and slow and near real-time infrastructure. Further examples include environmental sensing, advanced driver-assistance systems, automated driving systems, mobility on demand, and mobility as a service. This article provides a comprehensive review on CV technologies including fundamental challenges, state-of-the-art enabling technologies, innovative applications, and potential opportunities that can benefit automakers, customers, and businesses. The current standardization efforts of the forefront enabling technologies, such as Wi-Fi 6 and 5G-cellular technologies are also reviewed. Different challenges in terms of cooperative computation, privacy/security, and over-the-air updates are discussed. Safety and non-safety applications are described and possible future opportunities that CV technology brings to our life are also highlighted.

Cooperative Perception Technology of Autonomous Driving in the Internet of Vehicles Environment: A Review

“…Wei et al [ 64 ] compared and analyzed the characteristics of wireless local area networks, WAVE, and 4G networks and proposed using a neural network model to select an appropriate communication method automatically and dynamically according to a vehicle’s density, speed, and data volume before data transmission. However, in recent years, studies have found that DSRC is not enough to support reliable and efficient V2X applications, especially in the case of high vehicle density and highspeed vehicle movement, the communication performance will be significantly reduced [ 65 ]. To improve its scalability and quality of service and to make up for the lack of performance in high-mobility environments, a new study group called IEEE 802.11 Next Generation V2X was formed in March 2018 [ 66 ].…”

“…C-V2X offers performance advantages over DSRC in terms of its additional link budget, higher resilience to interference, and better non-line-of-sight (NLoS) capabilities [ 69 ]. Based on [ 65 ], Choi et al [ 70 ] further analyzed this concept based on DSRC and 4G cellular networks, which are not enough to support the large-scale sharing of raw sensor data. Three types of vehicle networks, including 5G cellular, a modified version of IEEE 802.11ad, and a dedicated new standard, were proposed.…”

Revisiting the internet of things: New trends, opportunities and grand challenges

“…Consequently, traffic information systems require participation of all of the above components to interact and integrate through a common infrastructure. It allows immediate transmission of real time traffic information to any part of the system (Abdelkader et al, 2021).…”

“…This is why the subsequent role of predictive analytics for the whole transportation is needed.Consequently, traffic information systems require participation of all of the above components to interact and integrate through a common infrastructure. It allows immediate transmission of real time traffic information to any part of the system[15].Even with the aforementioned benefits and challenges that come along with the integration of IoT into the transportation sector. IoT provides a paradigm shift that changes the transit services into intelligent groundbreaking systems, where numerous cutting edge technologies are incorporated.…”

A Distributed Big Data Analytics Architecture for Vehicle Sensor Data

“…ITS incorporate state-of-the-art technologies and tools, including advanced sensor technologies, data acquisition and transmission technologies as well as smart control and actuators, in order to enhance people and freight transportation solutions [ 4 ]. In this light, it is not strange that distributed architectures have attracted the attention of the ITS research community in recent years [ 5 ].…”