Connecting the Unconnected: Toward Frugal 5G Network Architecture and Standardization

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

“…Bringing 5G to rural areas and providing global access to the internet for all [31] [114] is in making use of SDN and NFV to propose a fog based architecture where network slicing can be performed closer to the network edge at the access part. Since a significant portion of the rural traffic is local, in addition to the fact that content of common interest to the rural population can be cached closer to the network edge, this solution can lead to faster service without routing unnecessary traffic to the network core.…”

The Role of Artificial Intelligence Driven 5G Networks in COVID-19 Outbreak: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Outlook

“…In this regard, limited connectivity in rural areas has adverse effect on the productivity of farmers who would have been able to leverage internet-based technologies, such as IoT networks to facilitate smart farming activities, such as irrigation, detection of diseases in plant leaves, and collection and analysis of relevant information from their farm (Yaacoub and Alouini, 2020) in order to sustain and enhance food production. Therefore, there is a need to improve broadband penetration in rural areas through design and deployment of low cost networks (Khaturia et al, 2019) and the involvement of government in the subsidizing the network deployment cost (Chiaraviglio et al, 2017) by granting incentives to network operators to facilitate the extension of their networks to these areas.…”

“…To ensure that people can work safely from anywhere, 5G provides the required network capacity and low latency (Parvez et al, 2018) to connect staff to their office network and ensure seamless team-working and communication. An aspect of 5G also includes a commitment by governments and operators in many countries 15 to improve broadband access in remote areas (Khaturia et al, 2019), which can tackle the capacity issue in residential areas, even for those who live in rural areas.…”

Business model for rural connectivity using multi-tenancy 5G network slicing

“…[4] discusses about future mobile networks using network slicing, and open issues in the modified 5G architecture. Frugal network [5] is analyzed to provide rural connectivity using network slicing. The paper also considers multi-operator sharing to making the network economically feasible in rural areas.…”