Connecting the web with the web of things: lessons learned from implementing a CoAP-HTTP proxy

Lerche, Christian; Laum, Nico; Golatowski, Frank; Timmermann, Dirk; Niedermeier, Christoph

doi:10.1109/mass.2012.6708525

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…One of the big advantages of CoAP is in fact in its interoperability with HTTP, being that the both protocols are based on REST principles. For this interoperability to work it is necessary to deploy a proxy between them that will allow HTTP clients to request resources from CoAP servers and CoAP clients to request resources from HTTP servers [124] also presented in Fig. 11 (a).…”

Section: Multiple Protocol Solutions Based On a Combination Of Communmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things and Related Challenges of Fog and Cloud Computing Integration

et al. 2019

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The fast increment in the number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices is accelerating the research on new solutions to make cloud services scalable. In this context, the novel concept of fog computing as well as the combined fog-to-cloud computing paradigm is becoming essential to decentralize the cloud, while bringing the services closer to the end-system. This paper surveys on the application layer communication protocols to fulfill the IoT communication requirements, and their potential for implementation in fog-and cloud-based IoT systems. To this end, the paper first briefly presents potential protocol candidates, including request-reply and publish-subscribe protocols. After that, the paper surveys these protocols based on their main characteristics, as well as the main performance issues, including latency, energy consumption and network throughput. These findings are thereafter used to place the protocols in each segment of the system (IoT, fog, cloud), and thus opens up the discussion on their choice, interoperability and wider system integration. The survey is expected to be useful to system architects and protocol designers when choosing the communication protocols in an integrated IoT-to-fog-to-cloud system architecture. Continuous innovations in hardware, software and connection solutions in the last decade have lead to the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the number of connected devices growing by the day [1] [2]. The huge amount of data generated by these devices require to find a proper system architecture able to both process and store all the data. While cloud-based architectures are being currently used for that purpose, the new fog computing paradigm is envisioned to scale and optimize the IoT infrastructures [3]. Examples of the cloud-based IoT solutions have been proposed in [4], [5], [6] and a detailed analysis of properties for IoT cloud providers has been conducted in [7]. These studies have shown that cloud computing has the potential to satisfy many IoT requirements, such as monitoring of services, powerful processing of sensor data streams and visualization tasks. On the other hand, fog-based solutions are suited to address real-time processing, fast data response, and latency issues, thus extending the cloud capabilities closer to the edge of the network [8]. Among many factors that will determine the performance in a combined IoT, fog and cloud computing paradigm, the application layer communication, which in turn depends on the selected communication protocols, is one of the main ones.Despite the popularity and wide spread usage of HTTP, the currently used protocols in various domains of IoT, fog and cloud domains are de-facto fragmented with many different solutions. This is due to the different requirements and areas that IoT needs to cover, combining the functionalities of sensors, actuators and computing power with security, connectivity and a myriad of other features. As a result, there is no common agreement on the reference architecture or adopted standards of co...

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Section: Multiple Protocol Solutions Based On a Combination Of Communmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things and Related Challenges of Fog and Cloud Computing Integration

et al. 2019

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“…We also use the same protocol CoAP at the application level in our work but integrated it alongside the abstraction layer of graph-based querying and server layers. Translation like this between application layer protocols for IoT implementation has also been introduced in some other research works (e.g., [21][22][23]). These works mainly emphasise the mapping of IoT protocol CoAP and Internet communication of HTTP, using a service such as Firebase.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable IoT Sensing Applications Development through GraphQL-Based Abstraction Layer

Khan

Mian

2020

Electronics

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Internet of Things (IoT) networks are mostly comprised of power-constrained devices, therefore the most important consideration in designing IoT applications, based on sensor networks is energy efficiency. Minor improvement in energy conservation methods can lead to a significant increase in the lifetime of IoT devices and overall network. To achieve efficient utilisation of energy, different solutions are proposed such as duty cycling optimization, design changes at the MAC layer, etc. In this paper, we propose a new approach to overcome this challenge in cloud-based IoT sensing applications, based on integration of an abstraction layer with constrained application mechanism. To achieve energy conservation and efficient data management in IoT sensing applications, we incorporate modules of efficient web framework with cloud services, in order to minimize the number of round trips for data delivery and graph-based data representation. Our study is the first attempt in the literature, to the best of our knowledge, which introduces the potential of this integration for achieving the aforementioned objectives in the target applications. We implemented the proposed interfacing of abstraction layer in constrained applications, to develop a testbed using Z1 IoT motes, Contiki OS and GraphQL web framework with Google cloud services. Experimental comparisons against baseline REST architecture approach show that our proposed approach achieved significant reductions in data delivery delay and energy consumption (minimum 51.53% and 52.88%, respectively) in IoT applications involving sensor network.

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“…In this case, the proxy needs to include the implementation of both protocols, e.g., HTTP client with OCF server or CoAP client with HTTP server, etc. [ 26 , 27 ]. A specification of OCF presents an architecture of OCF device that includes the client, server, and translator to forwarding message between different network environments [ 28 ].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Virtual Resource Based IoT Proxy for Bridging Heterogeneous Web Services in IoT Networks

Jin

Kim

2018

Sensors

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The Internet of Things is comprised of heterogeneous devices, applications, and platforms using multiple communication technologies to connect the Internet for providing seamless services ubiquitously. With the requirement of developing Internet of Things products, many protocols, program libraries, frameworks, and standard specifications have been proposed. Therefore, providing a consistent interface to access services from those environments is difficult. Moreover, bridging the existing web services to sensor and actuator networks is also important for providing Internet of Things services in various industry domains. In this paper, an Internet of Things proxy is proposed that is based on virtual resources to bridge heterogeneous web services from the Internet to the Internet of Things network. The proxy enables clients to have transparent access to Internet of Things devices and web services in the network. The proxy is comprised of server and client to forward messages for different communication environments using the virtual resources which include the server for the message sender and the client for the message receiver. We design the proxy for the Open Connectivity Foundation network where the virtual resources are discovered by the clients as Open Connectivity Foundation resources. The virtual resources represent the resources which expose services in the Internet by web service providers. Although the services are provided by web service providers from the Internet, the client can access services using the consistent communication protocol in the Open Connectivity Foundation network. For discovering the resources to access services, the client also uses the consistent discovery interface to discover the Open Connectivity Foundation devices and virtual resources.

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Connecting the web with the web of things: lessons learned from implementing a CoAP-HTTP proxy

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

A Survey of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things and Related Challenges of Fog and Cloud Computing Integration

A Survey of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things and Related Challenges of Fog and Cloud Computing Integration

Sustainable IoT Sensing Applications Development through GraphQL-Based Abstraction Layer

Development of Virtual Resource Based IoT Proxy for Bridging Heterogeneous Web Services in IoT Networks

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