“…At present, a large number of reports have focused on the catalytic performance of ruthenium. [26][27][28][29] Ni et al reviewed the application of Ru based materials in water-splitting, introduced a variety of Ru based electrocatalysts, and looked forward to the challenges and future progress of Ru based catalysts in the OER and the HER. 30 Lu et al reviewed the research progress of Ru based nanomaterials in the field of the HER, including synthesis strategies, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis and related mechanisms, introduced the synthesis methods of pure Ru nanomaterials, Ru based bimetallic nanomaterials and Ru/non-metallic nanocomposites, and prospected the development of Ru based materials.…”