Connections between Sulfur Cycle Evolution, Sulfur Isotopes, Sediments, and Base Metal Sulfide Deposits

Farquhar, James; Wu, Nanping; Canfield, Donald E.; Oduro, Harry

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.509

Cited by 192 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…[34][35][36] À5 of present atmospheric levels, 37,38 and that reducing gases such as methane or hydrogen were considerably more abundant than today. 39 Given the chemical similarities between S and Se, partly through the volcanic cycle, 6 and the ability of both to form compounds that are gases, it is possible that Se isotopes could demonstrate MIF in a manner similar to S isotopes.…”

Section: Mass Independent Fractionation Of Seleniummentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of mass dependent and mass independent selenium isotope variability in black shales

Strandmann

Coath

Catling

et al. 2014

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Section: Mass Independent Fractionation Of Seleniummentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of mass dependent and mass independent selenium isotope variability in black shales

Strandmann

Coath

Catling

et al. 2014

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…Models assume that UV photolysis of volcanic gaseous SO 2 in a low pO 2 atmosphere (3,14,34) is the source of S-isotope anomaly. The rate of volcanic supply of SO 2 , COS, H 2 S, photochemical transformation, and further reactions to form sulfates (S +6 ), sulfite (S +4 ), elemental S (S 0 ), and sulfide (S −2 ) determines the overall signature preserved in the rock (35,36). Processes that can remove SO 2 from the atmosphere, such as homogeneous oxidation with OH radical and heterogeneous chemistry with O 3 and H 2 O 2 in the cloud, can reduce the S-MIF in the atmospheric S pools (35).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Large sulfur-isotope anomaly in nonvolcanic sulfate aerosol and its implications for the Archean atmosphere

Shaheen

Abaunza

Jackson

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance The highest S-isotope anomaly is observed in a nonvolcanic period, and the magnitude of anomaly is similar to the largest volcanic eruptions of the 20th century. S-quadruple isotope data provided the first evidence of how super El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events (1997–1998) have affected the transport and transformation of aerosols to the stratosphere; thus, record of paleo-ENSO events of this magnitude can be traced with the S-isotopic anomaly. High-resolution and high-precision S-isotopic fingerprinting also revealed that the tropospheric sulfate produced during fossil-fuel and biomass burning contributes to the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer, a contribution previously unrecognized. The distribution of sulfur anomalies mimics the Archean isotope record, which is used to track the origin and evolution of oxygen on earth.

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“…The resultant hot, buoyant and chemically altered fluids are discharged as metal-rich vent fluids on the seafloor, precipitating metal-rich mineral deposits during cooling and mixing with ambient seawater. Collectively, these processes substantially influence global heat budgets, chemical fluxes, and the isotopic composition of seawater (EDMOND et al, 1979;ELDERFIELD et al, 1993;ELDERFIELD AND SCHULTZ, 1996;FARQUHAR et al, 2010;JAFFRÉS et al, 2007;STAUDIGEL and HART, 1983;VON DAMM, 1995;VON DAMM et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids from the Mid-Cayman Rise, Caribbean Sea

McDermott¹

2015

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THESIS ABSTRACTThis thesis examines the controls on organic, inorganic, and volatile species distributions in hydrothermal fluids venting at Von Damm and Piccard, two recently discovered vent fields at the ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise, Earth's deepest mid-ocean ridge. A wide variety of possible temperatures and substrates for fluid/rock reaction exist at ultraslow spreading ridges. The flux of chemicals delivered to the ocean by circulating vent fluids exerts a major control on mass transfer into and out of the oceanic crust and supports chemosynthetic ecosystems. In Chapter 2, abiotic organic synthesis is shown to occur via two distinct mechanisms in the serpentinizing Von Damm system. Longstanding questions concerning the spatial, temporal, and mechanistic nature of carbon transformations in deep-sea hot springs are addressed. In contrast with the current paradigm, CH 4 is not actively forming during circulation of H 2 -rich vent fluids, but instead is derived from fluid inclusions in the host rocks. Chapters 3 and 4 present in-depth studies of the chemical and isotopic compositions of aqueous species in vent fluids at Von Damm and Piccard to elucidate the role of reaction temperature, pressure, substrate composition, and water/rock mass ratios during the chemical evolution of hydrothermal fluids at oceanic spreading centers. At Von Damm, sequential reaction of gabbroic and peridotite substrates at intermediate temperatures can explain generation of the observed fluids. Geochemical modeling shows that talc-quartz assemblage is expected to precipitate during fluid mixing with seawater at the seafloor. At Piccard, extremely high temperature subsurface water/rock reaction results in high temperature fluids that are richer in dissolved H 2 than any previously observed fluids worldwide. At both locations, high-H 2 conditions promote the abiotic reduction of ΣCO 2 to formate species, which may fuel a subsurface biosphere. In Chapter 5, multiple sulfur isotopes were measured on metal sulfide deposits, S 0 , and fluid H 2 S to constrain sulfur sources and the isotopic systematics of precipitation in a wide variety of seafloor hydrothermal vents. Areas studied include the eastern Manus Basin and Lau Basin back-arc spreading centers, the unsedimented basalt-hosted Southern East Pacific Rise, and the sediment-hosted Guaymas Basin mid-ocean ridge spreading centers. Limited isotope fractionation between fluid H 2 S and precipitating chalcopyrite implies that sulfur isotopes in a chimney lining may record past hydrothermal activity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSFirst, I would like to thank my co-advisor, Jeff Seewald, whose limitless scientific creavitity and sunny outlook have been a continual source of encouragement throughout the 5 years of my doctoral education and research. Jeff's gift for simultaneously challenging and motivating me has taught me many lasting lessons. His limitless optimism and imagination have left permanent impressions on my approach to scientific research, and will not be far from mind when I mentor oth...

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Connections between Sulfur Cycle Evolution, Sulfur Isotopes, Sediments, and Base Metal Sulfide Deposits

Cited by 192 publications

References 229 publications

Analysis of mass dependent and mass independent selenium isotope variability in black shales

Analysis of mass dependent and mass independent selenium isotope variability in black shales

Large sulfur-isotope anomaly in nonvolcanic sulfate aerosol and its implications for the Archean atmosphere

Geochemistry of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids from the Mid-Cayman Rise, Caribbean Sea

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