Connectivity and Molecular Ecology of Antarctic Fishes

Volckaert, Filip; Rock, Jennifer; Putte, Anton P. Van de

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27352-0_5

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Notothenioids have a dispersal stage with protracted early development from spawning to larvae that develop pelagically over several months (sometimes for up to 2 years) before recruiting to the demersal juvenile population. Despite this potential for extensive dispersal, regionalization of genetic diversity is significant (White, ; Patarnello et al ., ; Van de Putte et al ., ; Volckaert, Rock & Van de Putte, ). Adult notothenioids have rather low dispersal abilities, except for the few species of the genera Dissostichus and Pleuragramma that re‐colonized the pelagic realm.…”

Section: The Antarctic Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding processes at the origin of species flocks with a focus on the marineAntarctic fauna

et al. 2017

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Species flocks (SFs) fascinate evolutionary biologists who wonder whether such striking diversification can be driven by normal evolutionary processes. Multiple definitions of SFs have hindered the study of their origins. Previous studies identified a monophyletic taxon as a SF if it displays high speciosity in an area in which it is endemic (criterion 1), high ecological diversity among species (criterion 2), and if it dominates the habitat in terms of biomass (criterion 3); we used these criteria in our analyses. Our starting hypothesis is that normal evolutionary processes may provide a sufficient explanation for most SFs. We thus clearly separate each criterion and identify which biological (intrinsic) and environmental (extrinsic) traits are most favourable to their realization.The first part focuses on evolutionary processes. We highlight that some popular putative causes of SFs, such as key innovations or ecological speciation, are neither necessary nor sufficient to fulfill some or all of the three criteria. Initial differentiation mechanisms are diverse and difficult to identify a posteriori because a primary differentiation of one type (genetic, ecological or geographical) often promotes other types of differentiation. Furthermore, the criteria are not independent: positive feedbacks between speciosity and ecological diversity among species are expected whatever the initial cause of differentiation, and ecological diversity should enhance habitat dominance at the clade level. We then identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors that favour each criterion. Low dispersal emerges as a convincing driver of speciosity. Except for a genomic architecture favouring ecological speciation, for which assessment is difficult, high effective population sizes are the single intrinsic factor that directly enhances speciosity, ecological diversity and habitat dominance. No extrinsic factor appeared to enhance all criteria simultaneously but a combination of factors (insularity, fragmentation and environmental stability) may favour the three criteria, although the effect is indirect for habitat dominance.We then apply this analytical framework to Antarctic marine environments by analysing data from 18 speciose clades belonging to echinoderms (five unrelated clades), notothenioid fishes (five clades) and peracarid crustaceans (eight clades). Antarctic shelf environments and history appear favourable to endemicity and speciosity, but not to ecological specialization. Two main patterns are distinguished among taxa. (i) In echinoderms, many brooding, species-rich and

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Section: The Antarctic Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding processes at the origin of species flocks with a focus on the marineAntarctic fauna

et al. 2017

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“…Along the margins of the continent, however, there is a westward current, the Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) (Orsi et al, 1995). Application of genetic tools has revealed that patterns of population differentiation in Antarctic/Southern Ocean organisms range from virtual panmixia on a circum-Antarctic scale to isolated populations or even crypic species (for an overview see Rogers, 2007Rogers, , 2012Volckaert et al, 2012). The causes for such differences are not fully clear but the ultimate outcome likely depends on the interplay of several factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%