Connectivity of the Frontal Cortical Oscillatory Dynamics Underlying Inhibitory Control During a Go/No-Go Task as a Predictive Biomarker in Major Depression

Abstract

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by core functional deficits in cognitive inhibition, which is crucial for emotion regulation. To assess the response to ruminative and negative mood states, it was hypothesized that MDD patients have prolonged disparities in the oscillatory dynamics of the frontal cortical regions across the life course of the disease. Method A “go/no-go” response inhibition paradigm was tested in 31 MDD patients and 19 age-matched healthy controls after magnetoencephalography (MEG) scanning. The use of minimum norm estimates (MNE) examined the changes of inhibitory control network which included the right inferior frontal gyrus ( r IFG), pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), and left primary motor cortex ( l M1). The power spectrum (PS) within each node and the functional connectivity (FC) between nodes were compared between two groups. Furthermore, Pearson correlation was calculated to estimate the relationship between altered FC and clinical features. Result PS was significantly reduced in left motor and preSMA of MDD patients in both beta (13–30 Hz) and low gamma (30–50 Hz) bands. Compared to the HC group, the MDD group demonstrated higher connectivity between l M1 and preSMA in the beta band ( t = 3.214, p = 0.002, FDR corrected) and showed reduced connectivity between preSMA and r IFG in the low gamma band ( t = −2.612, p = 0.012, FDR corrected). The FC between l M1 and preSMA in the beta band was positively correlated with illness duration ( r = 0.475, p = 0.005, FDR corrected), while the FC between preSMA and r IFG in the low gamma band was negatively correlated with illness duration ( r = −0.509, p = 0.002, FDR corrected) and retardation factor scores ( r = −0.288, p = 0.022, uncorrected). Conclusion In this study, a clinical neurophysiological signature of cognitive inhibition leading to sustained negative affect as well as functional non-recovery in MDD patients is highlighted. Duration of illness (DI) plays a key role in negative emotional processing, heighten rumination, impulsivity, and disinhibition.

Impairment of response inhibition to emotional face stimuli in individuals with subclinical depression

“…Using SST, Li et al (2021) found a longer stop‐signal response time (SSRT) to digital characters stimulus in patients with MDD. Similarly, Han et al (2020) also found a longer reaction time and a lower accuracy rate in the no‐go task using pure color picture stimuli in patients with MDD. With respect to inhibition of emotional response, a study found that patients with MDD showed longer stop‐signal reaction time for both negative and positive emotion words than healthy controls (Lau et al, 2007).…”

“…Researchers believe that response inhibition deficit may be one of the endophenotypes of depression (Goldstein & Klein, 2014). Some studies have found evidence of the defect in response inhibition to non‐emotional stimuli in MDD patients (Han et al, 2020; Lau et al, 2007; Li et al, 2021), but others have not (Nixon et al, 2013; Lyche et al, 2010; Westheide et al, 2007). Similar to the latter, we did not find impaired response inhibition to non‐emotional stimuli in individuals with SD.…”

Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Response to Mirror Visual Feedback in Stroke Survivors: An MEG Study

“…Third, we chose the Benjamin-Hochberg method for the adjustment of multiple comparisons due to the relatively small sample size in our study. And, we performed post hoc analysis in each frequency band (i.e., 10 comparisons) separately based on the previous studies [32,61] to examine the significance between any two brain regions in different frequency bands. To acquire more valid statistical results, more stringent multiple testing corrections (e.g., Bonferroni correction) should be used in future studies with larger sample size.…”

Prevalence and risk factors for suicide attempts in first episode and drug naïve major depressive disorder patients with overweight and obesity

“…reported that older age is a risk factor for suicide attempts 43 . The duration of illness is a negative factor for mood disorders, and a longer duration of illness gives them time to develop their illness and accumulate adverse consequences, such as suicide attempts 44,45 . In our study, we found that suicide attempters had severe depressive symptoms and psychotic symptoms.…”