Conscious control of brain waves

Kamiya, Joji

doi:10.1037/e400092009-006

Cited by 139 publications

(128 citation statements)

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“…It has been known for some time that alpha occurs predominantly in the parietal region, has been recorded with average amplitudes ranging 30-50 mV (Kamiya, 1968;Lynch & Paskewitz, 1971), and can be seen in the majority (90%) of the population when resting with eyes closed (Drennen & O'Reilly, 1986) and that opening the eyes can reduce the amount of alpha by 80% or more (Wacker, 1996). However, identifying the specific frequency range of the alpha component of the EEG seems less certain.…”

Section: Target Frequency Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ever since Kamiya (1968) suggested that it was possible for healthy individuals to perceive and obtain a degree of conscious control over the production of their own alpha brainwave activity and that this in turn may influence their behavior, there has been interest in the potential performance enhancing applications of neurofeedback training (NFT; see e.g., Gruzelier, Egner, & Vernon, 2006;Vernon, 2005;Vernon & Gruzelier, 2008). However, the potential performance enhancing benefits of NFT remain unclear because a number of methodological factors that may impact the effectiveness of such training are unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha Neurofeedback Training for Performance Enhancement: Reviewing the Methodology

Вернон¹,

Dempster²,

Bazanova³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurotherapy

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Introduction: Considerable interest has been, and still is, generated by the potential performance enhancing benefits of alpha neurofeedback training (NFT) for healthy participants. A plausible rationale for such training, with an aim to improve mood and/or enhance cognition, can be made based upon what is already known of the links between alpha EEG activity and behavior. However, designing an optimal NFT paradigm remains difficult because a number of methodological factors that may influence the outcome of such training remain largely unexplored. Method: This article focuses on these methodological factors in an attempt to highlight some of the unanswered questions and stimulate future research. Results: Specifically, this article examines the NFT training schedule; the variety, basis, and setting of reward thresholds; the nature and modality of the feedback signal provided; unidirectional as compared to bidirectional NFT; the establishment of a target frequency range for alpha; whether NFT should be conducted with eyes open or closed; and the identification of a clear index of learning. Conclusions: Throughout, the article provides a number of suggestions and possible directions for future research

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Section: Target Frequency Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha Neurofeedback Training for Performance Enhancement: Reviewing the Methodology

Вернон¹,

Dempster²,

Bazanova³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Joe Kamiya is considered by many as the "father" of modern NF. During the 1960s, Kamiya developed a series of experiments showing that certain individuals could be trained to intentionally control its brain electrical activity and enter the "alpha state," a mental state associated with feelings of relaxation [25]. In 1965, Sterman was studying sleep [26] when he accidentally discovered that cats could be conditioned to produce a fast EEG rhythm of approximately 12 to 15 Hz over the sensorimotor cortex (the sensorimotor rhythm [SMR]) [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-Based Information on the Clinical Use of Neurofeedback for ADHD

et al. 2012

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Summary Neurofeedback (NF) is a training to enhance selfregulatory capacity over brain activity patterns and consequently over brain mental states. Recent findings suggest that NF is a promising alternative for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We comprehensively reviewed literature searching for studies on the effectiveness and specificity of NF for the treatment of ADHD. In addition, clinically informative evidence-based data are discussed. We found 3 systematic review on the use of NF for ADHD and 6 randomized controlled trials that have not been included in these reviews. Most nonrandomized controlled trials found positive results with medium-to-large effect sizes, but the evidence for effectiveness are less robust when only randomized controlled studies are considered. The direct comparison of NF and sham-NF in 3 published studies have found no group differences, nevertheless methodological caveats, such as the quality of the training protocol used, sample size, and sample selection may have contributed to the negative results. Further data on specificity comes from electrophysiological studies reporting that NF effectively changes brain activity patterns. No safety issues have emerged from clinical trials and NF seems to be well tolerated and accepted. Follow-up studies support long-term effects of NF. Currently there is no available data to guide clinicians on the predictors of response to NF and on optimal treatment protocol. In conclusion, NF is a valid option for the treatment for ADHD, but further evidence is required to guide its use.

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“…Alpha waves (8)(9)(10)(11)(12) are associated with relaxation (Kamiya, 1968) and theta (4-7 Hz) has been suggested partly to reflect a positive emotional state (Aftanas & Golocheikine, 2001). Peniston and Kulkosky (1990) found that alpha/theta neurofeedback, when combined with other treatments, reduced rates of relapse in recovering alcoholics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%