Consecuencias físicas y psicológicas de la violencia obstétrica en países de Latinoamérica

Abstract

El término violencia obstétrica tiene sus orígenes en Latinoamérica, se considera una expresión de violencia de género y de violencia institucional contra la mujer. Puede ser ejercida de dos maneras, física y psicológica, por lo que se pretende definir la violencia obstétrica, su origen, divisiones, relación con los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de la mujer, asícomo identificar sus consecuencias físicas y psicológicas. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Medigraphic, SciELO y Google Académico, fueron incluidas únicamente las publicaciones que se encontraron a texto completo, en español, inglés y portugués durante los años 2014 al 2022. La violencia obstétrica provoca que los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres sean quebrantados, lo que hace imprescindible que todos los involucrados en la atención en salud conozcan las repercusiones físicas y psicológicas relacionadas que contribuyen a la morbimortalidad de la madre y el recién nacido, tales como: desgarros vaginales, problemas en la lactancia materna, síndrome de estrés postraumático y depresión posparto.

Prevalence of Non-Consented Care During the Childbirth Process in Mexico by Geographical Regions: Comparing ENDIREH Survey Data from 2016 and 2021

“…Related to the association between non-consented care during childbirth and sociodemographic characteristics and pregnancy and childbirth factors, our ndings suggest the place of delivery as the factor with a higher association with this type of obstetric violence among ENDIREH 2016 and 2021 respondents. Results from ENDIREH are the rst to provide an analysis at the national level of this type of association, as previous research in Mexico has only been completed qualitatively or at the local level in one or a few numbers of hospitals (7,11,15,25) without the possibility of comparing the different and unique types of health care settings in this country. The prevalence of Csections in Mexico is high, the second highest in the Americas.…”

“…(3,4) Short-and long-term physical health outcomes have been found in women who have suffered from obstetric violence. Some of these include incontinence, breastfeeding problems, and complications during and after the delivery, such as episiotomies, postpartum hemorrhage, and obstructed delivery (5)(6)(7). Mental health outcomes that have been associated with obstetric violence include postpartum depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, guilt, and sadness.…”

Prevalence of different variations of non-consented care during the childbirth process in Mexico by geographical regions: comparing ENDIREH survey data from 2016 to 2021

“…Related to the association between non-consented care during childbirth and sociodemographic characteristics and pregnancy and childbirth factors, our findings suggest the place of delivery as a factor highly associated with this type of obstetric violence among ENDIREH 2016 and 2021 respondents. Results from ENDIREH are the first to provide an analysis at the national level of this type of association, as previous research in Mexico has only been completed qualitatively or at the local level in one or a few numbers of hospitals [ 7 , 11 , 19 , 29 ] without the possibility of comparing the different and unique types of health care settings in this country. The prevalence of C-sections in Mexico is high, the second highest in the Americas [ 53 ].…”

“…Short- and long-term physical health outcomes have been found in women who have suffered from obstetric violence. Some of these include incontinence, breastfeeding problems, and complications during and after the delivery, such as episiotomies, postpartum hemorrhage, and obstructed delivery [ 5 – 7 ]. Mental health outcomes that have been associated with obstetric violence include postpartum depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, guilt, and sadness [ 5 , 6 , 8 ].…”

Unveiling the intersection: exploring obstetric violence in the Era of COVID-19 in Ecuador

“…Obstetric violence could have physical consequences that ranging from an inadequate breastfeeding initiation and the incorrect use of antibiotic are example of the consequences of OV [ 29 ]. Other negative consequences are reported by different authors [ 30 – 32 ].…”