Consensus Algorithm based Two-Level Control Design for a DC Microgrid

Control Strategies of DC Microgrids Cluster: A Comprehensive Review

“…The suggested strategy's performance is independent of network architecture, and it may be used to both radial and non-radial power grids of various sizes, as well as any number of MGs. Further, a twolevel distributed control framework for an MGC is designed in [34], with a droop control working at the local control level and a consensus algorithm running at the global level. In both dynamic and stable situations, the consensus-droop-based control approach has been found to be capable of regulating the DC-link voltage with precise current sharing across several DC converters.…”

“…It can be noticed that the information of all participant units in the system needs to be transferred to the global control layer to send a proper signal reference to the local control layer, and this requires a complex communication network, so the costs of communication construction are increased. Further, the proposed methods in [34,76] have not been examined under some operating conditions such as RES/load uncertainty, and fault conditions, communication delays to efficiently assess their effectiveness to be applied in real-life scenarios.…”

“…In addition, the control performance of clusters in load fluctuations and PnP scenarios has been verified. The last two references are featured by reducing communication costs in the system based on adopting pinning consensus protocol which is discussed in detail in Section 4.2 and is considered an excellent solution to address the communications obstacles in the previous references, especially [34].…”

“…Away from centralized control, the decentralized control strategy can send commands/orders to local control layers based on inputs from the converter or neighboring converters [34]. In this regard, three main decentralized control techniques that do not need a communication network to share orders or commands, such as DC bus signaling (DBS), conventional droop control (CDC), not including power line signaling (PLS), are reported in the literature [34][35][36].…”

“…Away from centralized control, the decentralized control strategy can send commands/orders to local control layers based on inputs from the converter or neighboring converters [34]. In this regard, three main decentralized control techniques that do not need a communication network to share orders or commands, such as DC bus signaling (DBS), conventional droop control (CDC), not including power line signaling (PLS), are reported in the literature [34][35][36]. Although the approaches do not need an extensive communication system or even a main centralized controller, they cannot properly supervise each converter.…”