Consensus‐based distributed approach to lossy economic power dispatch of distributed energy resources

Abstract

Summary Economic dispatch problem (EDP) of distributed energy resources (DERs) is the key to achieve balanced coordination and economic operation of renewable energy and conventional generation, which is of vital significance to smart grids. This paper mainly investigates the EDP of DERs with transmission losses. We formulate the lossy EDP as an optimization problem, of which the objective is to minimize the aggregated production cost under physical constraints. It is a great challenge to solve the lossy EDP in a distributed fashion, as the nonconvexity of the transmission loss formula has posed extra difficulties. This paper proposes a consensus‐based distributed lambda iteration algorithm to solve the lossy EDP, and a damping mechanism is designed to overcome the oscillatory problem that conventional lambda iterations often suffer. The proposed algorithm is further improved, in order to tackle the prohibited operating zones of generators. Exhaustive simulations are presented to illustrate the proposed algorithm.

Optimality Condition and Distributed Optimization for Economic Dispatch Using a Novel Weighted Incremental Cost Consensus Approach

“…We take a balanced initial condition that can be achieved as seen in Xing et al (2019), Yu et al (2020), and references therein.…”

“…Remark 4. The proposed distributed optimization protocol has two distinctions compared to the existing methods (Xing et al, 2019;Yu et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2019). First, the IC of a generator can be updated based on local information of weighted IC (rather than IC), which is applied to resolve weighted EDP (Eq.…”

“…Remark 8. The conventional EDP methods (Xing et al, 2019;Yu et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2019) cannot be applied practically to resolve the OPF issue in a distributed way. There are very limited distributed methods, as seen in Pourbabak et al (2019), Pourbabak et al (2020), Liu et al (2017), Yun Liu et al (2019), Linfeng Wang et al (2017), which deal with the OPF problem over a micro-grid using distributed algorithms.…”

“…Afterward, we show the effectiveness of appropriate weight selection in dealing with the capacity and environmental Figure 3 shows the results of weighted ICs for a special case, in which w 1 = w 2 = w 3 = w 4 = w 5 = w 6 = 1. This special scenario is equivalent to the conventional IC consensus scenario depicted in Xing et al (2019), Yu et al (2020), and Chen et al ( 2019) without generation constraints. The IC curves of all the generators converge rapidly to a common value.…”

“…Chen et al (2020) presented a distributed consensus approach for cost-effective load dispatch under frequency regulation. The works in Wang et al (2019), Yu et al (2020), and Xing et al (2019) proposed EDP methods under random delay, for time-varying step-sizes, and transmission losses. The role of control theories and Lyapunov analysis (us Saqib et al, 2018;Tang and Li, 2019;Zhao et al, 2019;Gao and Liu, 2020;Santos et al, 2020;Yao et al, 2020) can be useful in attaining optimization issues.…”