Consensus-based time synchronization via sequential least squares for strongly rooted wireless sensor networks with random delays

Wang, Heng; Gong, Pengfei; Li, Min

doi:10.1016/j.automatica.2021.110045

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This algorithm can synchronize the skew and offset simultaneously with a faster convergence speed than ATS. In [15], a sequential least squares algorithm based on the recursive solution is applied to estimate the relative skew under bounded communications. The estimator calculates the initial value from direct solution with the same convergence performance.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast and Low-Overhead Time Synchronization for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks with Mesh-Star Architecture

Wang

Yong

Song

2023

Sensors

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Low-overhead, robust, and fast-convergent time synchronization is important for resource-constrained large-scale industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs). The consensus-based time synchronization method with strong robustness has been paid more attention in wireless sensor networks. However, high communication overhead and slow convergence speed are inherent drawbacks for consensus time synchronization due to inefficient frequent iterations. In this paper, a novel time synchronization algorithm for IWSNs with a mesh–star architecture is proposed, namely, fast and low-overhead time synchronization (FLTS). The proposed FLTS divides the synchronization phase into two layers: mesh layer and star layer. A few resourceful routing nodes in the upper mesh layer undertake the low-efficiency average iteration, and the massive low-power sensing nodes in the star layer synchronize with the mesh layer in a passive monitoring manner. Therefore, a faster convergence and lower communication overhead time synchronization is achieved. The theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in comparison with the state-of-the-art algorithms, i.e., ATS, GTSP, and CCTS.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, an average consensus-based scheme [2] utilizes the estimated skew to synchronize the network. Although the proposed algorithms [2,4,10,15] can meet different application requirements, time-consuming and message overload caused by iteration were not well handled.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and Low-Overhead Time Synchronization for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks with Mesh-Star Architecture

Wang

Yong

Song

2023

Sensors

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“…Reference 1 proposes a delay compensation‐cased time synchronization algorithm to achieve bounded time synchronization under the UR switching network, while no rigorous proof of the drift compensation is given. Reference 2 proposes a sequential least squares based time synchronization algorithm to achieve bounded time synchronization, while the convergence conclusion is built under the strongly rooted topology condition. To the best of our knowledge, though some new time synchronization algorithms have been proposed, the effectiveness proof is either missing or built under the fixed network, which is not completely ahead compared with LSTS algorithm whose effectiveness has been rigorously proved under three types of directed switching networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust consensus of multi‐agent systems with multiplicative uncertainties and its application in time synchronization

Wang

Han

Zhai

et al. 2023

Intl J Robust & Nonlinear

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This article first studies the robust consensus problem of discrete‐time single‐integrator multi‐agent systems (MASs) with multiplicative uncertainties in switching networks. Under the assumption that the uncertainty is polynomially decaying, we prove that the consensus of the MAS can be achieved by adopting the decaying gain protocol if the switching network is uniformly strongly connected (USC). The convergence rate is quantified in terms of the decay rate of uncertainties. Then, we use the consensus conclusion studying the convergence analysis problem of a typical time synchronization algorithm (the LSTS algorithm proposed in Tian [IEEE Trans Automat Contr. 2017;62(10):5445–5450]) in wireless sensor networks. We prove that the LSTS algorithm can still achieve the bounded time synchronization even if the switching network is USC, a more general topology condition compared with existing convergence results in Tian (IEEE Trans Automat Contr. 2017;62(10):5445–5450). Simulation results are given to verify the correctness of both the consensus conclusion for MASs and convergence conclusion for LSTS algorithm.

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“…Time synchronization is a fundamental support technology for WSNs. 5–9 Due to the battery-powered characteristics of WSNs, energy efficiency is a virtual factor to be considered when designing corresponding time synchronization protocols. 10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time synchronization is a fundamental support technology for WSNs. [5][6][7][8][9] Due to the batterypowered characteristics of WSNs, energy efficiency is a virtual factor to be considered when designing corresponding time synchronization protocols. 10 In WSNs, the energy consumed by sensor nodes for communication (sending, receiving, and so on) is much larger than that consumed for computing, 11 and the information exchange mode can significantly influence the energy consumed for time synchronization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New timestamp mark–based energy efficient time synchronization method for wireless sensor networks

Huang

Zhang

Kong

et al. 2022

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Aimed at the demands of wireless sensor networks for high energy-efficient time synchronization, the reduction of synchronization energy consumption is studied from the aspects of both accurate timestamps marking and synchronous information transmission mechanism. First, the network is divided into several parent–child groups periodically. The group-wise pair selection algorithm is used to select the network’s pairwise synchronization nodes, and chain-type network topology is thus generated. Second, the sequential multi-hop synchronization algorithm is introduced to realize the synchronization information exchange among pairwise synchronization nodes. The overhearing synchronization (OS) nodes obtain the synchronization information packet based on a one-way overhearing mechanism. Moreover, the accurate acquisition of the synchronization ack packet’s timestamp is carried out through the use of receiving-time-plus-fixed-delay mode. Third, the joint maximum likelihood method and the minimum variance unbiased estimation method are used to estimate the clock offsets of pairwise synchronization nodes and overhearing nodes to the parent nodes, respectively, based on which the child nodes adjust their local virtual clocks. Periodically, the pairwise synchronization nodes initiate the network’s time synchronization, estimate, and broadcast the relative offset to the gateway node, assisting the upper layer child nodes in synchronizing to the gateway node. Simulation results show that the proposed method not only achieves the millisecond level synchronization accuracy but also reduces the synchronization energy consumption and thus improves the network lifetime.

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Consensus-based time synchronization via sequential least squares for strongly rooted wireless sensor networks with random delays

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Fast and Low-Overhead Time Synchronization for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks with Mesh-Star Architecture

Fast and Low-Overhead Time Synchronization for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks with Mesh-Star Architecture

Robust consensus of multi‐agent systems with multiplicative uncertainties and its application in time synchronization

New timestamp mark–based energy efficient time synchronization method for wireless sensor networks

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