Consensus recommendations for management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

The recent American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes guideline mentioned glycaemia management in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, it did not cover the treatment approaches for patients with T2DM having a high risk of CVD, and treatment and screening approaches for CVDs in patients with concomitant T2DM. This consensus guideline undertakes the data obtained from all the cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) to propose approaches for the T2DM management in presence of CV comorbidities. For patients at high risk of CVD, metformin is the drug of choice to manage the T2DM to achieve a patient specific HbA1c target. In case of established CVD, a combination of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist with proven CV benefits is recommended along with metformin, while for chronic kidney disease or heart failure, a sodium–glucose transporter proteins-2 inhibitor with proven benefit is advised. This document also summarises various screening and investigational approaches for the major CV events with their accuracy and specificity along with the treatment guidance to assist the healthcare professionals in selecting the best management strategies for every individual. Since lifestyle modification and management plays an important role in maintaining the effectiveness of the pharmacological therapies, authors of this consensus recommendation have also briefed on the patient-centric non-pharmacological management of T2DM and CVD.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular and Renal Co-morbidities in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the Gulf, a Cross-sectional Observational Study

“…Patients with T2DM and CVD or CKD were also most frequently prescribed metformin. This is consistent with the consensus recommendations by Basheir et al [17] and a diabetes study in the Arabian Gulf [18]. Our study was focused on CVD and CKD.…”

A Translational In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolomic Study Reveals Altered Metabolic Pathways in Red Blood Cells of Type 2 Diabetes

“…HbA1c is used by physicians to obtain an overall picture of average blood glucose levels over a long time period (around 2 months) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Patients with higher HbA1c values are associated with a greater risk of developing diabetes-related complications.…”

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without established cardiovascular disease: Do they have a role in primary prevention?

“…Guidelines and trials differ in their definitions. Table 1 highlights the recent important guidelines, consensus statements, and review articles [ 8 , 19 , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] ] that stratify CV risk in T2DM and their recommendations regarding primary prevention with SGLT2i in T2DM (if any).…”