Consequence Evaluation of Toxic Chemical Releases by ALOHA

Tseng, Jo-Ming; Su, Tong

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.175

Cited by 54 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Even small releases of substance can cause harm to people, damage the environment or even destroy the property. As reported by Tseng et al [4], chemical leakage poses a severe threat to the safety of workers and people who is living in close proximity and pollute the air quality. As such, the prevention and simulation of chemical leakage has become one of the most important topics in the fields of environmental protection and process safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Consequence Modelling for Estimating the Toxic Material Dispersion Using ALOHA: Case Studies at Two Different Chemical Plants

Ramli

Ghani

Hamid

et al. 2018

Environment, Green Technology, and Engineering International Conference

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Industrial disaster does not only result in enormous calamities and huge property damages but also deteriorate the environment especially when it involved hazardous materials. The occurrence of major accident at major hazard installation (MHI) is unpredictable. Therefore, both structural and non-structural measures should come in the forefront before it claims human life and tremendously destroy the assets and environment. Thus, the main objectives of this study is to simulate the consequence modelling due to toxic materials dispersion (sulfuric acid) and subsequently suggest the evacuation mapping. The Areal Location Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA Version 5.4.7) was used to determine the threat zone and estimates the radius of toxic material dispersion from the source point. Two petrochemical plants were selected in this study and both are located at different petrochemical industrial estates in East Coast Region of Peninsular Malaysia. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the radius of toxic material affects the adjacent facilities and other chemical plants in proximity. The threat zones with the radius of 0.72 miles (red), 2.6 miles (orange) and 6.0 miles (yellow) respectively were determined for the first case study. As for the latter, the threat zones are greater than 6 miles for all zones. Based on both estimations, the evacuation mappings were proposed by sketching the map from Google satellite in the MARPLOT application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Consequence Modelling for Estimating the Toxic Material Dispersion Using ALOHA: Case Studies at Two Different Chemical Plants

Ramli

Ghani

Hamid

et al. 2018

Environment, Green Technology, and Engineering International Conference

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“…ALOHA software was created by the Environmental Protection Agency to model different scenarios such as toxic gas clouds, flammable gas clouds, and BLEVE (Boiling liq-uid expanding vapor explosion) (10,11). The database of ALOHA consists of more than 1,000 substances (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Ammonia Emission in the Petrochemical Industry

Abbaslou

Karimi

2019

Jundishapur J Health Sci

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Background: Ammonia is a commonly used chemical in the process industries. Chemical leakage is one of the main problems threatening the staff, facilities, and the environment in the process industries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the emission of ammonia and its consequences in the petrochemical industry. Methods: In this study, three accident scenarios of the most probable ones were chosen, including toxic vapor cloud, jet fire, and boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE). Then, the scenario modeling was done using areal locations of hazardous atmospheres (ALOHA) software. Results: In the first scenario, the total released ammonia is 81,316 kg. The concentration of ammonia toxic vapor is greater than 1,100 ppm (AEGL-3 region) at a distance of 1 km, which might cause death in 60 seconds. The overpressure never exceeds 3.5 psi; thus, there is no possibility of serious injury or destruction of buildings. In the third scenario, the thermal radiation of BLEVE is greater than 10 kW/m 2 at a distance of 376 m, which is potentially lethal within 60 seconds. Conclusions: One of the main risks in petrochemical companies is the leakage of ammonia. The toxicity of ammonia is the most significant threat to people. The overpressure of vapor cloud explosion does not cause serious injury or of building destruction. The thermal radiation from jet fire and fireball has no effect on the city while it may cause death to the staff within 60 seconds. Thus, safety precautions should be considered to prevent the consequences of leakage accidents.

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“…ALOHA is a relatively simple tool, which is used for modelling of accidents with potential leakage of dangerous gaseous substance. This tool was utilized in many works and studies (Shao and Duan, 2012;Tseng et al, 2012;SWCA, 2010). The main objective of this work is the calculation of consequences in the case accident leakage of biogas in biogas station.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Consequences of Biogas Leakage from Gasholder

Trávníček¹,

Kotek²,

Junga³

2017

JCEA

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This paper describes modelling of consequences of biogas leakage from a gasholder on agricultural biogas station. Four scenarios were selected for the purpose of this work. A rupture of gasholders membrane and instantaneous explosion of gas cloud, blast of gas with delay, emptying of whole volume of gas (without initiation) and initiation of gas with Jet-Fire. Leakage of gas is modelled by special software and consequences are determined on the basis of results. The first scenario was modelled with help of equations because used software does not include an appropriate model. A farm with high building density was chosen as a model case. Biogas is replaced by methane because used software does not support modelling of dispersion of mixtures. From this viewpoint, a conservative approach is applied because biogas contains "only" approximately 60% of methane (in dependence on technology and processed material).Keywords: accident, agriculture, biogas, station Abstrakt Práce se zabývá modelováním možných následků úniku bioplynu na zemědělské bioplynové stanici. Pro účel této práce byly vybrány celkem čtyři havarijní scénáře. První scénář předpokládá poškození plynojemu a okamžitý výbuch plynného mraku. Druhý scénář předpokládá výbuch bioplynu se zpožděním, třetí scénář únik veškerého objemu bioplynu ze zásobníku bez následné iniciace a poslední scénář předpokládá iniciaci uniklého bioplynu a následný Jet-Fire. Scénáře byly modelovány s pomocí speciálního software. Následky jednotlivých scénářů byly poté určeny na základě výstupů z tohoto software. Jako modelový příklad byla zvolena zemědělská bioplynová stanice s vysokou hustotou zástavby. Pro účely modelování byl bioplyn nahrazen methanem. Z tohoto hlediska byl tedy zvolen konzervativní přístup, protože

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Consequence Evaluation of Toxic Chemical Releases by ALOHA

Cited by 54 publications

References 11 publications

Consequence Modelling for Estimating the Toxic Material Dispersion Using ALOHA: Case Studies at Two Different Chemical Plants

Consequence Modelling for Estimating the Toxic Material Dispersion Using ALOHA: Case Studies at Two Different Chemical Plants

Modeling of Ammonia Emission in the Petrochemical Industry

Modelling of Consequences of Biogas Leakage from Gasholder

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