“…These structures have both periodic and random features, and their transmission spectra show isolated high-quality factor peaks, multiple PBGs, and periodic defects. The development of many optoelectronic devices, such as optical filters 34 , fibers 35 , wavelength division multiplexing 36 , sensors [37][38][39][40][41][42][43] , and laser diodes 44,45 , which are exploited in diverse optical communication applications, is facilitated by all these properties. Moreover, due to the rise in the number of wavelengths sent and received in communication channels, as well as the compact form of these components, the use of tunable filters in wavelength distribution systems has recently attracted a lot of interest 46,47 .…”