Consequences and comorbidities associated with obesity

Ghouri, Nazim; Clifton, Peter; Craigie, Angela M.; Anderson, Annie S.; Christensen, Pia; Waters, Louise; Williams, Chris; Coco, Gianluca Lo; Ricciardelli, Lina A.

doi:10.1002/9781118857991.ch2

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 240 publications

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“…Meanwhile, OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries have an average obesity rate of 19.5% with a wide variation ranging from 3.7% in Japan to 38.2% in the USA [2••]. These increases are especially worrisome as obesity often presents alongside a multitude of metabolic comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome [3][4][5]. Kefir has been identified as a possible nutritional strategy to reduce metabolic disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kefir in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders

2020

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Purpose of Review This review summarizes recent animal and human trials examining the potential for kefir to improve obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Evidence for pathways affected and suggestions of possible mechanisms of action are also considered. Recent Findings Human trials examining the ability of kefir to recapitulate metabolic health benefits previously observed in rodent models have found mixed results. Summary Kefir has long been associated with improvements in health including obesity, diabetes, NAFLD, and dyslipidemia in preventative animal trials. While recent evidence from human trials supports a positive role of kefir in modulating diabetesrelated markers, the impact of kefir consumption on markers of dyslipidemia, NAFLD, and body composition has been for the most part contradictory to animal findings. Variability in organisms for kefir fermentation poses a significant challenge in making meaningful comparisons. Recommendations for future well-controlled animal and human research are provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kefir in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders

2020

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“…They are one of the reasons why the consumption of added sugars has risen dramatically over the past few decades and has negatively contributed to human health [ 3 , 8 , 9 ]. Due to the increasing epidemic of obesity [ 10 , 11 ] and number of individuals with diabetes [ 12 , 13 ], it is important to educate consumers to make reasonable and healthy food choices. The basis for the human diet, including diet of children, should consist of products in proportions consistent with the pyramid of healthy nutrition, possibly enriched foods and, ultimately, food supplements defined by Directive 2002/46/EC as foodstuffs the purpose of which is to supplement the normal diet and which are concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweetening Agents and Sweeteners in Dietary Supplements for Children-Analysis of the Polish Market

2020

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Sweetening agents (SA) and sweeteners are major additives used in the production of dietary supplements (DS), they fulfill both technological and organoleptic functions. The aim of this study is to identify the types of SA and sweeteners found in DS intended for children and to determine the secondary role of them. The study was performed on data from the documentation of representative samples of DS (N = 315) available on the Polish market. The results show that 75.24% of the products contained at least one SA or sweetener. Sucrose is the SA most frequently used in DS production. The empirical findings show that the type of sweetening ingredient correlates closely with the formulation of products, which in turn has to be suited to consumption abilities of the target group as well as to the children’s taste requirements. The crucial need for analysis of the composition of DS is emphasized in the light of high consumption rates of these products as well as limited regulations and policy.

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