Consequences of a Cosmological Phase Transition at the TeV Scale

Abstract

A finite vacuum energy density implies the existence of a UV scale for gravitational modes. This gives a phenomenological scale to the dynamical equations governing the cosmological expansion that must satisfy constraints consistent with quantum measurability and spatial flatness. Examination of these constraints for the observed dark energy density establishes a time interval from the transition to the present, suggesting major modifications from the thermal equations of state far from Planck density scales. The assumption that a phase transition initiates the radiation dominated epoch is shown under several scenarios to be able to produce fluctuations to the CMB of the order observed. Quantum measurability constraints (eg. uncertainly relations) define cosmological scales bounded by luminal expansion rates. It is shown that the dark energy can consistently be interpreted as being due to the vacuum energy of collective gravitational modes which manifest as the zero-point motions of coherent Planck scale mass units prior to the UV scale onset of gravitational quantum de-coherence for the cosmology. A cosmological model with multiple scales, one of which replaces an apparent cosmological "constant", is shown to reproduce standard cosmology during intermediate times, while making the exploration of the early and late time cosmology more accessible.

Quantum Behaviors and Dynamic Horizons

“…Utilizing intuitions derived from the flat space-time solution, the present treatment will use an affine flow 17 (or proper time 18 ) parameterization in developing Lagrangians with substantive/material flows to incorporate the Principle of Equivalence. These quanta will gravitate in the background described by the metric (4), which gives an Einstein tensor of the form…”

“…If actual values had been utilized in this presentation, the boundaries of the Penrose diagrams would have appeared indistinguishable from lightlike surfaces, and the early transition features would not have been distinguishable from the volume t=0. However, the presenter has done an analysis of the evolution of the scales of standard cosmology elsewhere 20,23 . The evolution of the cosmology during the period for which the primordial energy density is negligible can be modeled using the Friedmann-Lemaitre equations of standard cosmology.…”

“…The primary motivation for the author's interest in the behavior of the dynamic black hole previously discussed was his interest in any dynamic horizon that might be associated with cosmological dark energy 19,20 . The insights gained by examining quantum behaviors on a spatially coherent spherically symmetric space-time consistent with familiar Newtonian gravitation in the weak-field, slow-moving limit should considerably aid in understanding analogous behaviors for the cosmology as a whole.…”

On "Dark energy from antimatter by Walter R. Lamb.".

“…The observational fact that Lamb's proposal addresses most immediately is that the very large rate of expansion of our universe from some state of very high density at (or soon after [18]) "the big bang" (about 13.7 ± 0.2 billion years ago) has been steadily decreasing until about 6 billion years ago when it started to increase at an ever increasing rate. Lamb anticipates that "the universe has steadily expanded from novel type of antimatter would still exist in the universe and be quantitatively still equal, or nearly equal, to the amount of matter.…”

Back Matter

“…Cosmological time can be related to cosmological temperature by using the standard "Big Bang" model for a universe presently made up of about 5% percent ordinary matter, 25% dark matter, and 70% dark energy. Using the present composition of the universe, the currently observed temperature of the cosmic background radiation (about 2.73 • K) is directly related to the currently accepted time interval since the onset of the Big Bang (about 13.8 Giga-years) [1,2] Earlier combinatorial hierarchy calculations [3] give the Planck mass/proton mass ratio, the proton/electron mass ratio (m p /m e = 1836.1515), and the fine structure constant (1/α = 137.036), to an accuracy sufficient for our current purposes. Whether the theory can give an acceptable value for the electron/electron-neutrino mass ratio is still open."…”