Consequences of a short pulse of pesticide exposure for survival and reproduction of Gammarus pulex

Pyrethroid Insecticides: Use, Environmental Fate, and Ecotoxicology

“…Sublethal pulsed exposure to esfenvalerate negatively affected both the fecundity and mating behavior of Gammarus pulex amphipods. Although 100% of test organisms survived one-hour pulses of up to 2 µg/L esfenvalerate, pulsed concentrations as low as 0.01 µg/L reduced the number of intact mating pairs (Cold & Forbes, 2004). Exposure to short-term pulses of 0.05 µg /L esfenvalerate and greater also increased mating pair reformation time by a factor of six.…”

“…Exposure to short-term pulses of 0.05 µg /L esfenvalerate and greater also increased mating pair reformation time by a factor of six. Delayed mating pairs also produced fewer offspring than non-intoxicated amphipods (Cold & Forbes, 2004).…”

Combined Exposure to Mixture of Chemicals. An Impossible Challenge?

“…As a detritus feeder, G. pulex plays a key role in nutrient cycling in freshwater systems (Welton, 1979) and Gammarus species are among the most eaten prey for many fish species (Bollache et al, 2006). G. pulex is known to be sensitive to a wide range of pollutants and to be among the most sensitive aquatic invertebrates (Helson & Surgeoner, 1986;Mian & Mulla, 1992;Wogram & Liess, 2001;Cold & Forbes, 2004;Van Wijngaarden et al, 2004;Bloor et al, 2005). This amphipod species can be easily grown in the laboratory and has been recommended for use in toxicity tests (McCahon & Pascoe, 1988a, b;Adam et al, 2010).…”

Long-Term Effects of Ammonia on the Behavioral Activity of the Aquatic Snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Hydrobiidae, Mollusca)

“…(Golding et al 1997;Alonso and Camargo 2004b;Cold and Forbes 2004). Therefore, any effect on the behavior caused by a toxicant may potentially alter the structure and function of natural ecosystems, as those alterations can reduce the fitness of the invertebrates (Jones et al 1991;Cold and Forbes 2004).…”

“…(Golding et al 1997;Alonso and Camargo 2004b;Cold and Forbes 2004). Therefore, any effect on the behavior caused by a toxicant may potentially alter the structure and function of natural ecosystems, as those alterations can reduce the fitness of the invertebrates (Jones et al 1991;Cold and Forbes 2004). The different movements of invertebrates can be assessed in different ways through different techniques, either automatically or manually (Kramer et al 1989;Alonso and Camargo 2004a;Gerhardt 2007a).…”