Consequences of infections for three‐month length increment in young children in rural Zambia

Hautvast, Jla; Tolboom, J.J.M.; Willems, J. L.; Mwela, CM; Monnens, L. A. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb01331.x

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Similar results were found in a study on infection, length growth and acute phase proteins, such as AGP. It was reported that AGP is negatively correlated with retardation in growth [Hautvast et al, 2000]. Our findings of a negative correlation coefficient in only one parameter can be explained by assuming two counteracting mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Dental Caries Related to Plasma IgG and Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Acid Glycoprotein

Soet¹,

Schriks²,

Kratz³

et al. 2003

Caries Res

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This study was aimed at determining whether dental caries is associated with induction of the systemic immune system or cytokine response. For this purpose, 85 children from Den Pasar, Bali, Indonesia, aged 6–7 years, were examined clinically and blood plasma was obtained via finger puncture. The concentrations of the acute-phase protein α₁-acid glycoprotein (AGP), total IgG and the specific IgG and IgM immunoglobulins against Streptococcus mutans were determined. Immunoelectrophoresis was used for the determination of the AGP concentration and ELISA for IgG and IgM detection. The mean dmft of the whole group was 8.8 ± 2.9, the mean number of infected pulps was 3.9 ± 2.2 and the mean number of abscesses was 0.5 ± 0.8. The plasma concentration of AGP ranged between 0.13 and 1.6 mg/ml serum (mean 0.86 ± 0.26 mg/ml). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the concentration of IgG against S. mutans (log-transformed) was significantly correlated with dmft (adjusted r² = 0.083, standardized β coefficient = 0.31, p = 0.008). When the concentration AGP was included in the model the correlation improved significantly (for IgG: adjusted r² = 0.157, standardised β coefficient = 0.36, p = 0.002; for AGP: β coefficient = –0.30, p = 0.009). The results suggest a relationship between caries and systemic parameters of inflammation. On the basis of this, severe caries might have consequences on the general health of the subject.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Dental Caries Related to Plasma IgG and Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Acid Glycoprotein

Soet¹,

Schriks²,

Kratz³

et al. 2003

Caries Res

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“…In public health assessments, micronutrient status is commonly determined by using concentrations in blood as a surrogate for total body status. Blood concentrations of retinol, iron, and zinc can be altered by the APR to infection ( Table 2) (21)(22)(23)124,(127)(128)(129)(130)(131)(132)(133)(134)137,(145)(146)(147)(148)(149)(150)(151)(152)(153)(154)(155)(156)(157)(158)(159)(160). Alterations in blood micronutrient concentrations result from hepatic suppression of transport proteins (RBP, transthyretin, albumin, and transferrin) and increases in serum ferritin and hepatic metallothionein, positive APPs that assist in iron and zinc sequestration, respectively (28,98,(161)(162)(163)(164).…”

Section: Apps As Markers Of Infection For Nutrition Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undernutrition, the Acute Phase Response to Infection, and Its Effects on Micronutrient Status Indicators

Bresnahan

Tanumihardjo

2014

Advances in Nutrition

106

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Infection and undernutrition are prevalent in developing countries and demonstrate a synergistic relation. Undernutrition increases infectionrelated morbidity and mortality. The acute phase response (APR) is an innate, systemic inflammatory reaction to a wide array of disruptions in a host's homeostasis, including infection. Released from immune cells in response to deleterious stimuli, proinflammatory cytokines act on distant tissues to induce behavioral (e.g., anorexia, weakness, and fatigue) and systemic effects of the APR. Cytokines act to increase energy and protein requirements to manifest fever and support hepatic acute phase protein (APP) production. Blood concentrations of glucose and lipid are augmented to provide energy to immune cells in response to cytokines. Additionally, infection decreases intestinal absorption of nutrients and can cause direct loss of micronutrients. Traditional indicators of iron, zinc, and vitamin A status are altered during the APR, leading to inaccurate estimations of deficiency in populations with a high or unknown prevalence of infection. Blood concentrations of APPs can be measured in nutrition interventions to assess the time stage and severity of infection and correct for the APR; however, standardized cutoffs for nutrition applications are needed. Protein-energy malnutrition leads to increased gut permeability to pathogens, abnormal immune cell populations, and impaired APP response. Micronutrient deficiencies cause specific immune impairments that affect both innate and adaptive responses. This review describes the antagonistic interaction between the APR and nutritional status and emphasizes the need for integrated interventions to address undernutrition and to reduce disease burden in developing countries. Adv Nutr 2014;5:702-711.

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“…These effects are probably part of an adaptive response to withhold key nutrients from invading pathogens, but they can result in inadequate availability of certain nutrients to support growth, even if intake is adequate, during the period of metabolic disturbance. Among children 6–20 months of age in Zambia, blood markers of inflammation (usually associated with infection) were negatively related to growth in length during the subsequent 3 months (Hautvast et al . 2000).…”

Section: What Is the Role Of Subclinical Infections And Related Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

Early child growth: how do nutrition and infection interact?

Dewey

Mayers

2011

Maternal & Child Nutrition

225

203

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It is well known that the relationship between child nutrition and infection is bidirectional, i.e. frequent illness can impair nutritional status and poor nutrition can increase the risk of infection. What is less clear is whether infection reduces the effectiveness of nutrition interventions or, vice versa, whether malnutrition lessens the impact of infection control strategies. The objective of this paper is to review the evidence regarding this interaction between nutrition and infection with respect to child growth in low-income populations. Even when there are no obvious symptoms, physiological conditions associated with infections can impair growth by suppressing appetite, impairing absorption of nutrients, increasing nutrient losses and diverting nutrients away from growth. However, there is little direct evidence that nutrition interventions are less effective when infection is common; more research is needed on this question. On the other hand, evidence from four intervention trials suggests that the adverse effects of certain infections (e.g. diarrhoea) on growth can be reduced or eliminated by improving nutrition. Interventions that combine improved nutrition with prevention and control of infections are likely to be most effective for enhancing child growth and development.

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Consequences of infections for three‐month length increment in young children in rural Zambia

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Dental Caries Related to Plasma IgG and Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Acid Glycoprotein

Dental Caries Related to Plasma IgG and Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Acid Glycoprotein

Undernutrition, the Acute Phase Response to Infection, and Its Effects on Micronutrient Status Indicators

Early child growth: how do nutrition and infection interact?

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