Consequences of the radiation accident at the Mayak production association in 1957 (the ’Kyshtym Accident’)

Akleyev, A. V.; Krestinina, L. Yu.; Толстых, Е. И.

doi:10.1088/1361-6498/aa7f8d

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The reason I regard the Kyshtym accident as being worse than the Windscale Fire is that the effects of the Kyshtym accident were worse due to the release of more activity which included the long lasting 90 Sr. A recent Russian estimate is that 740 PBq of activity was released during the Kyshtym accident (Akleyev, Krestinina, Degteva, & Tolstykh, 2017). This compares with Garland and Wakefield's estimate that 35 PBq of radioactivity was released by the Windscale fire.…”

Section: Types Of Nuclear Reactor Accidentsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Reactor accident chemistry an update

Foreman

2018

Cogent Chemistry

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A review and discussion of some of the literature on the subject of serious nuclear reactor accidents. This review addresses some biological issues such as the influence of dose rate on the ability of radiation to cause harm, the chemistry of a selection of serious accidents and the behaviour of a series of important fission products and the actinides. This review is intended for scientists with a professional interest in nuclear reactors, chemists in general and I expect that it will be of use to historians with an interest in the nuclear industry and its relationship with wider society.

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Section: Types Of Nuclear Reactor Accidentsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Reactor accident chemistry an update

Foreman

2018

Cogent Chemistry

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“…In the accident at the Mayak plant on 29th September 1957 (the 'Kyshtym Accident') (Akleyev et al 2017) 20 MCi (740 PBq) of radionuclides were released from a chemical explosion on the site. The subsequent spread of contamination was monitored, and the exposed population enrolled into the database of the URCRM, which contains the results of long-term dosimetric monitoring and medical follow-up of the population.…”

Section: Kyshtym Chernobyl and Fukushimamentioning

confidence: 99%

Big data in radiation biology and epidemiology; an overview of the historical and contemporary landscape of data and biomaterial archives

Schofield

Kulka

Tapio

et al. 2019

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Over the past 60 years a great number of very large datasets have been generated from the experimental exposure of animals to external radiation and internal contamination. This accumulation of 'big data' has been matched by increasingly large epidemiological studies from accidental and occupational radiation exposure, and from plants, humans and other animals affected by environmental contamination. We review the creation, sustainability and reuse of this legacy data, and discuss the importance of Open data and biomaterial archives for contemporary radiobiological sciences, radioecology and epidemiology. We find evidence for the ongoing utility of legacy datasets and biological materials, but that the availability of these resources depends on uncoordinated, often institutional, initiatives to curate and archive them. The importance of open data from contemporary experiments and studies is also very clear, and yet there are few stable platforms for their preservation, sharing, and reuse. We discuss the development of the ERA and STORE data sharing platforms for the scientific community, and their contribution to FAIR sharing of data. The contribution of funding agency and journal policies to the support of data sharing is critical for the maximum utilisation and reproducibility of publicly funded research, but this needs to be matched by training in data management and cultural changes in the attitudes of investigators to ensure the sustainability of the data and biomaterial commons.

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“…An increase of leukemia associated with radiation dose to bone marrow was noted in the cohort of about 30,000 Techa riverside residents [ 8 , 9 ] and also in the combined cohort of about 20,000 persons exposed in utero whose mothers lived by the Techa River or worked at Mayak [ 10 ]. Excess relative risk of leukemia was also observed in a cohort of about 20,000 residents exposed as a result of an accident that occurred at Mayak in 1957, but it was not statistically significant [ 2 ]. Further study of these unique cohorts provides an opportunity to gain more in-depth knowledge about the effects of chronic radiation on the hematopoietic system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic parametric skeletal dosimetry model for humans: General approach and application to active marrow exposure from bone-seeking beta-particle emitters

et al. 2021

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The objective of this study is to develop a skeleton model for assessing active marrow dose from bone-seeking beta-emitting radionuclides. This article explains the modeling methodology which accounts for individual variability of the macro- and microstructure of bone tissue. Bone sites with active hematopoiesis are assessed by dividing them into small segments described by simple geometric shapes. Spongiosa, which fills the segments, is modeled as an isotropic three-dimensional grid (framework) of rod-like trabeculae that “run through” the bone marrow. Randomized multiple framework deformations are simulated by changing the positions of the grid nodes and the thickness of the rods. Model grid parameters are selected in accordance with the parameters of spongiosa microstructures taken from the published papers. Stochastic modeling of radiation transport in heterogeneous media simulating the distribution of bone tissue and marrow in each of the segments is performed by Monte Carlo methods. Model output for the human femur at different ages is provided as an example. The uncertainty of dosimetric characteristics associated with individual variability of bone structure was evaluated. An advantage of this methodology for the calculation of doses absorbed in the marrow from bone-seeking radionuclides is that it does not require additional studies of autopsy material. The biokinetic model results will be used in the future to calculate individual doses to members of a cohort exposed to 89,90Sr from liquid radioactive waste discharged to the Techa River by the Mayak Production Association in 1949–1956. Further study of these unique cohorts provides an opportunity to gain more in-depth knowledge about the effects of chronic radiation on the hematopoietic system. In addition, the proposed model can be used to assess the doses to active marrow under any other scenarios of 90Sr and 89Sr intake to humans.

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Consequences of the radiation accident at the Mayak production association in 1957 (the ’Kyshtym Accident’)

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

Reactor accident chemistry an update

Reactor accident chemistry an update

Big data in radiation biology and epidemiology; an overview of the historical and contemporary landscape of data and biomaterial archives

Stochastic parametric skeletal dosimetry model for humans: General approach and application to active marrow exposure from bone-seeking beta-particle emitters

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